Chapter 7: Basic Sentence Types

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Chapter 7 Basic Sentence Types

• S NP VP
• Modifiers are optional.
• Complements are required.

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Type I Intransitive Verb

• VP MVP (ADVP)
• My husband snores.

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My husband snores.
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Auxiliaries can be used as part of the MVP

• The students should arrive.
• The telephone is ringing.

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The students should arrive.
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The telephone is ringing.
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Adverbs are optional

• Bill swims fast.
•  
• The petunias sprout in early spring.
• My head hurt severely in the morning.

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Bill swims fast.
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The petunias sprout in early spring.
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My head hurt severely in the morning.
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Some noun phrases can be used adverbially
(especially when naming time or frequency)

• My husband snores
• every night.
• each morning.
• all the time.
• three times a night.
• this Tuesday.

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My husband snores every night.
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Exercise 7.2

• Pages 197-198.

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Type II BE and An Adverb of Time or Place

• VP MVP ADVP
•  My hat is inside.
•  My hat is on the table.
•  The meeting was yesterday.
•  The meeting should be at three oclock.
•  The meeting is outside today.

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My hat is inside.
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My hat is on the table.
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• Sometimes the complement can be a noun phrase
  indicating time
•  
• The meeting will be next week.

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Diagram this sentence

• I will be at the office tonight.

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Type III Linking Verb and Adjectival Subject
Complement

• VP MVP ADJP (ADVP)
•  
• The complement is necessary.
• The adjective modifies the subject noun phrase.

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Linking Verbs

• Forms of BE
•   
• Sense words look, sound, feel, taste, smell
• Other linking verbs appear, become, seem, grow,
  prove, remain, turn (Some of these can also be
  transitive and/or intransitive.)

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Sense words look, sound, feel, taste, smell

• You look pretty.
•  
• You sound strange.
•  
• This shirt feels rough.
•  
• This pastry tastes sweet.
•  
• This drink smells funny.

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Sense words look, sound, feel, taste, smell
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Other linking verbs appear, become, seem, grow,
prove, remain, turn

• You seem sad.
•  
• The sky grew dark.

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Auxiliaries can be used as part of the MVP

• This type of pastry should taste sweet.
•  
• Brussels sprouts can smell bad.
•  
• The sky is growing dark.

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This type of pastry should taste sweet.
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An ADVP is optional

• Brussels sprouts often taste bitter.
•  
• Bananas can turn brown quickly.
•  
• Bananas turn brown in the sun.

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Brussels sprouts often taste bitter.
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Which is correct?

• I dont feel well today.
• I dont feel good today.

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• The person that you are seeking is I.
• This is he.
• It is I.

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Diagram this sentence

• You seem sad today.

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Type IV Linking Verb and NP as Subject
Complement

• VP MVP NP (ADVP)
•  
• I am a professor.
•  
• She is becoming an adult.

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She is becoming an adult.
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The NP can contain an ADJP

• She is a beautiful woman.
• She is becoming a beautiful woman.
•  

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She is a beautiful woman.
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An ADVP is optional

• She is quickly becoming an adult.

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Diagram this sentence

• My sister is a remarkable girl.

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Type V Transitive Verb and NP as Direct Object

• VP MVP NP (ADVP)
• My dog attacked the mailman.

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My dog attacked the mailman.
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An ADVP is optional

• My dog attacked the mailman viciously.
•  
• My dog bit the mailman on the leg.

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My dog bit the mailman on the leg.
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Verbs with Reflexive and Reciprocal Direct
Objects are Transitive

• My brother hurt himself.
•  
• My two brothers hurt each other.

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My two brothers hurt each other.
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Diagram this sentence

• My youngest brother wrecked the car.

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Certain Transitive Verbs allow for an Object
Complement

• Some allow for a NP as Object Complement
• name, elect, call
•  
• We elected him president.
• We should name him Joseph.
• We should name him secretary.
•  They call me The Handyman.

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We elected him president.
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• Some allow for an ADJP as Obj. Comp.
• find, keep, make
•  
• I find him silly.
•  
• We should keep the cake warm.
•  
• This watch should make him happy.

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I find him silly.