Development & Implementation of a SCADA System for Load Control of the Power System Simulator (PSS)

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Development Implementation of a SCADA System
for Load Control of the Power System Simulator
(PSS)

• Ahmed Fayez 199905252
• Mohammed Adnan 199901444
• Khalid Yousif 199900237
• Salman Al katheeri 199900317

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Presentation Layout

• SCADA Introduction
• SCADA Hardware
• RTU
• PSS
• Wiring
• SCADA Software
• ISaGraF
• Citect
• DNP
• Future Work
• Demonstration

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Introduction
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Introduction (What Is SCADA?)

• Stands for supervisory control And data
  acquisition.
• SCADA systems are used in industrial processes
  steel making, power generation (conventional and
  nuclear) and distribution.
• There Are 4 Components In the SCADA System.

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SCADA Components

• Field Instrumentation.
• Sensors, devices to control.
• Remote Terminal Units.
• RTU Vs. PLC
• Communications Network.
• Equipment needed to transfer data to and from
  different sites
• Central Monitoring Station
• Collecting information gathered by the remote
  stations to generate the necessary action

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Disadvantages Of Relay Systems

• Relays used only for on/off control.
• Complicated control systems
• Expensive System.
• System takes up much floor and space.
• Control relays are power- hungry, ?heat
  generation.
• Any change in control program requires the
  rewiring of relays.
• For complicated control systems, it is difficult
  to troubleshoot and locate the faults.

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Advantages Of SCADA systems

• Easily programmed or reprogrammed
• Easy maintained (self diagnostic).
• Capability to do arithmetic function.
• The ability to communicate with other controller
  or a master host computer.
• PLCs. were able to move past simple on/off
  control to more complex schemes as PID control.

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Applications Of SCADA

• Almost every business in the manufacturing sector
  and many in the service sector
• Aerospace
• Bottling and Canning
• Chemicals Plants
• Petroleum, Petrochemical

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Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
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PDS eNET OVERVIEWDIGITAL / ANALOG INPUTS

• 32 x Digital Inputs
• 9-28V DC Operation range
• LED Indication (Disable Option)
• Optically Isolated (1500V peak)

• 12 x Analog Inputs
• 0-5V,1-5V,0-10V,0-20mA, 4-20mA(selectable per
  channel)
• Surge Protection

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RTU PDS eNET OVERVIEWDIGITAL / ANALOG OUTPUTS

• 4 x Analog Outputs
• Internal / External power supply Source 0-20mA,
  4-20mA
• (Voltage output with external resistor)
• Short circuit protected

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RTU Scan Time
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Power System Simulator
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Power System Simulator ( PSS)

• The objective of the PSS is to simulate a real
  power system.
• Power system should be divide in to three
  sections , the generator station, transmission
  line and load ( distribution section ).

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PSS Parts

• 1- Generator Stations
• The generator station contains two internal
  generators and a third external generator.
• Separately excited synchronous generator is the
  type of the machine which used in PSS.
• The DC motor in PSS is used as prime mover.
• The DC motor in PSS is Shunt DC motor type.

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• 2- Transmission lines
• It is represented by wires that are different in
  shape and size.
• The size and shape is depended on the level
  voltages and the load.

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• 3- The loads
• As in the real power system, the PSS has three
  type of load
• Residential.
• Commercial .
• Industrial.
• The difference between these come from values of
  
• - Load.
• - Power consumption.
• - Power factor for each type. Also the
  difference rises in the peak load timing for each
  type.

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Sensors

• In the industry field is now using computers to
  control and motions and sequences of machines.
• PLC cannot see, hear, feel or tester processes
  by themselves but use industrial sensors to give
  industrial controllers these capabilities.
• In our project the Sensors are used as feedback
  to PLC from PSS to enhance the system
  performance.

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Sensors

• There were different types of sensor that will be
  used like Voltage sensor, current sensor,
  frequency sensor and power sensor.
• Current sensor have rating of 0 5 A.
• Voltage sensor has a rating of 0 - 150 V.
• Frequency sensor, it has a rating of 0 -100Hz.
• Power sensor, it has rating of 0- 5 A and 0
  150 v.
• The outputs from all sensors which going to RTU
  were 4 20 mA. It is used this rating to sense
  any problem in system .

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Wiring
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Wiring
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ISaGRAF
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ISaGRAF
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The Citect Interface
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The DNP
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The DNP
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Future Plans
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Future Plans

• Stand by generator.
• Adding generator 2 to the system.
• Power factor correction.
• Load scheduling.
• Improving the previous SCADA program.

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Stand by generator

• The whole system will be supplied by the main
  supplying unit.
• A simulated fault will be applied on the system.
• During that generator 1 will be on a stand by
  mode.
• When the fault occur the main supplying unit will
  be disconnected from the loads by using circuit
  breakers and generator 1 will be supplying the
  whole system instead.
• All of this process will be done Automatically by
  the program.

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Adding generator 2

• Generator 2 will be connected to the system using
  frequency and current sensors.
• Generator 2 will be also controlled by the
  program which will be installed on the RTU.
• Generator 2 will be as a back up if generator 1
  didnt work properly.

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Back Up generator
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Power factor correction

• Capacitor banks are used to correct the power
  factor..
• The value of the capacitance will depend on the
  value of the load.
• Capacitor banks will inject reactive power into
  the system.
• The reactive power will decrease the current in
  the circuit ? reduce the losses in the
  transmission lines.

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Load Scheduling

• There are two types of loads
• Resistive load and active load.
• The resistive load are two types
• Critical supplying vital instruments machines .
• Non-critical Ex lighting gardens.
• The active load
• Simulated By a resistor and inductance in series.

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Load Scheduling

• When the system suffers from overload on the
  generator the program disconnect the non-critical
  loads immediately.
• Thus in the program all of the loads will be
  identified so that the program can do this
  process Automatically.

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Improving the SCADA program

• Some blocks will be added to increase the speed
  of analyses process. This process will be applied
  on the LADDER program.
• The Graphical Interface will be enhanced. This
  process will be applied on Citect.

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• Thanks for Listening
• Now, well make a demo for our work..