Sizing and Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage for Ramea Wind-Hydrogen-Diesel Hybrid Power System

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• Sizing and Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage
  for Ramea Wind-Hydrogen-Diesel Hybrid Power
  System

Prepared by Khademul Islam Supervisor Dr.
Tariq Iqbal Faculty of Engineering Applied
Science Memorial University of Newfoundland,
St.Johns, Canada
April 25, 2011
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OUTLINE

• Introduction
• Ramea Hybrid System Specification
• System Sizing Steady State Simulation
• Dynamic Modeling and Simulation
• Experimental Set-up
• Observations
• Design of Control System
• Results and Conclusions

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INTRODUCTION
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LOCATION OF RAMEA

• Ramea is a small island 10 km from the South
  coast of Newfoundland.
• Population is about 700.
• A traditional fishery community

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Hybrid Power System

• Hybrid systems by definition contain a number of
  power generation devices such as wind turbines,
  photovoltaic, micro-hydro and/or fossil fuel
  generators.

The use of renewable power generation systems
reduces the use of expensive fuels, allows for
the cleaner generation of electrical power and
also improves the standard of living for many
people in remote areas
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WIND ENERGY SCENARIO IN CANADA
Canada is blessed with adequate wind
resources. Canada is in a better position to
deploy many more number of WECS.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RAMEA HYBRID SYSTEM
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RAMEA HYBRID SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

• Load Characteristics
• Peak Load 1,211 kW
• Average Load 528 kW
• Minimum Load 202 kW
• Annual Energy 4,556 MWh
• Distribution System
• 4.16 kV, 2 Feeders
• Energy Production
• Nine wind turbines (6x65 kW and 3x100 kW).
• Three diesel generators (3x925 kW).
• Hydrogen generators (200 kW)

Load profile of Ramea
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Wind Resource at Ramea

• Weibull shape factor 2.02.
• Correlation factor 0.947.
• Diurnal pattern strength 0.0584.

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WIND TURBINES HYDROGEN TANKS IN RAMEA ISLAND
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FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
The amount of energy stored and released E, is
calculated by means of the equation
E ½ I?2 Where, I Moment of Inertia of
the Flywheel and ? Rotational speed of the
Flywheel.
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ADVANTAGES OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

• High power density.
• High energy density.
• No capacity degradation, the lifetime of the
  flywheel is almost independent of the depth of
  the discharge and discharge cycle. It can operate
  equally well on shallow and on deep discharges.
  Optimizing e.g. battery design for load
  variations is difficult.
• No periodic maintenance is required.
• Short recharge time.
• Scalable technology and universal localization.
• Environmental friendly materials, low
  environmental impact

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Table.1 represents the comparison among the three
energy storage system such as Lead acid battery,
superconducting magnetic storage and flywheel
storage system. From the above table we see that
the flywheel is a mechanical battery with life
time more than 20 years. It is also superior to
other two with regards to temperature range,
environmental impact and relative size
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SYSTEM SIZING AND SIMULATION

• Smart Energy (SE25) flywheel from Beacon Power
  Corporation is used for the system sizing which
  has highly cyclic capability, smart grid
  attributes, 20-years design life and sustainable
  technology.
• Simulation is done in HOMER . For Homer
  simulation we used two conditions.
• Simulation Without Flywheel
• Simulation With Flywheel

Fig Beacon SE25 Flywheel
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HOMER SIMULATION WITHOUT FLYWHEEL
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HOMER SIMULATION WITH FLYWHEEL
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Comparison of Simulation Results without and with
Flywheel Energy Storage System
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SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS FROM HOMER SIMULATION
Considering Factors Considering Factors Without Flywheel With Flywheel
Electrical Properties Excess Electricity 3.27 1.94
Electrical Properties Renewable Fraction 0.238 0.272
Electrical Properties Maximum Renewable Penetration 65.5 76.6
Diesel Generator (D925) Electricity Generation 3540199 kWh/yr 3382941 kWh/yr
Diesel Generator (D925) Fuel Consumption 965505 L/yr 933848 L/yr
Hydrogen Generator (Gen3) Hours of Operations 752/yr 317/yr
Hydrogen Generator (Gen3) Number of Starts 43848/yr 18727/yr
Hydrogen Generator (Gen3) Hydrogen Consumption 7223 kg/yr 3345 kg/yr
Hydrogen Generator (Gen3) Mean Electrical efficiency 34.6 34.8
Hydrogen Generator (Gen3) Operational Life 53.2 yr 126 yr
Emission Carbon Dioxide 2552953 kg/yr 2459094 kg/yr
Emission Carbon Monoxide 6349 kg/yr 6092 kg/yr
Emission Unburned Hydrocarbon 703 kg/yr 675 kg/yr
Emission Sulfur Dioxide 5127 kg/yr 4938 kg/yr
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SIMULATION IN SIMULINK/MATLAB
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65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation
WS8m/s
WS10m/s
WS6m/s
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65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result
WS14m/s
WS12m/s
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100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result
WS 6m/s
WS 6m/s
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100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result
WS12m/s
WS12m/s
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925kW Diesel Generator Simulation
Figure Engine and Excitation System of Diesel
Generator
Figure Simulink Model of Diesel Generator
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Simulation Result of Diesel Generator
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SIMULATION OF RAMEA HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
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SIMULATION RESULTS OF RAMEA HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
Effect of load changing in system frequency and
flywheel charging and discharging characteristics
Wind turbines and diesel generator simulation
output of Ramea hybrid power system from Simulink.
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Experimental Set-up
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DC Machine Based FW Storage
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Components used

• Controllable power supply (two)
• Phase control relay, 6V dc (two)
• Electromechanical relay (two)
• DC machine (3Hp/2kw, 1750RPM, 120V)
• Data acquisition card USB1208LS from
  measurement computing. (one)
• Voltage and Current Sensor (one)
• Speed Sensor output 0-10V dc (one)
• Cast steel Flywheel rotor (one)
• Logic Power Supply(/- 15 Volts, DC)
• A personal Computer

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DC Motor Based FW Storage
Flywheel Disk
DC Machine (Motor/Generator)
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DC Current Transducer (CR5200)
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Double Gain Amplifier
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Calibration Curves
Calibration Curve for the Rotational Speed of the
Motor
Calibration Curve for the Controllable Power
Supply Unit
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Electromechanical Relay and Relay Driving Circuit
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CONTROL SYSTEM OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE
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EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS
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Summary of Observations
Vamax (Volts) Vf (Volt) Load(W) Charge Energy Discharge Energy Efficiency () Chrg Time (Sec) Dcrge Time (Sec)
80 100 100 1.85E01 1.04E01 56.21621622 235 223
80 100 200 1.84E01 1.03E01 55.97826087 264 194
100 100 200 3.06E01 1.74E01 56.92810458 340 225
100 80 100 3.33E01 1.81E01 54.34913017 341 300
80 100 300 1.88E01 1.02E01 54.25531915 235 172
100 100 300 3.24E01 1.71E01 52.87037037 353 201
100 80 300 3.34E01 1.69E01 50.5988024 325 233
100 70 300 3.54E01 1.95E01 55.08474576 295 250
100 70 100 3.57E01 1.82E01 50.98039216 356 309
100 60 300 3.12E01 1.73E01 55.44871795 353 231
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Design of Control System
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Optimum Control System Design Parameters

• Minimum Charging Parameters
• -Vamax80 Volts, Vf 100 Volts
• Maximum Discharging Parameters
• - Vf 100, Load 100 Watts

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Armature and Field Control Circuit
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RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

• Results clearly shows that an addition of a
  flywheel system will
• Reduce excess electricity,
• Increase maximum renewable penetration,
• Reduce fuel consumption, and number of diesel
  starts per year,
• Increase operational life and reduce emissions.
• From Ramea system simulation in Simulink , it
  clearly shows that a step change in the load of
  50kW will lead to a frequency deviation of 0.3Hz.
  System flywheel will provide more that 50kW for
  few seconds to maintain system frequency.
• Based on the Experimental observations, a control
  system is designed for minimum input energy and
  maximum output energy.
• Visual Basic language is used for the designed
  control system.

Therefore, we suggest an addition of a 25kWh
flywheel system to Ramea hybrid power system.
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Future Work

• Pump Hydro Storage For Long Term Storage
• Advanced Flywheel System. Advanced flywheel
  system rotate above 20,000 rpm in vacuum
  enclosure made from high strength carbon
  composite filament will be very efficient

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List of Publications

• 1. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal Flywheel Energy Storage
  System for an Isolated Wind-Hydrogen-Diesel Power
  System Presented in WESNet Poster Presentation,
  CanWEA, 2010, Montreal, Canada
• 2. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal and R. Ashshan Sizing and
  Simulation of Flywheel Energy Storage System for
  Ramea Hybrid Power System Presented at 19th
  IEEE-NECEC Conference 2010, St. Johns, Canada
• 3. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal and R. Ahshan
  Experimental Observations for Designing
  Controlling of Flywheel Energy Storage System
  Presented at 19th IEEE-NECEC Conference 2010,
  St.Johns, NL, Canada
• 4. K.Islam and M.T Iqbal Sizing and Control of
  Flywheel Energy Storage for a Remote Hybrid Power
  System Presented at WESNet Workshop, February
  24-25, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
  2011.

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Acknowledgment

• Dr. Tariq Iqbal
• This work is supported by a research grant from
  the National Science and Engineering Research
  Council (NSERC) of Canada through WESNet. We also
  thank Newfoundland Hydro and Memorial University
  of Newfoundland for providing data and support
• Also thanks to Razzaqul Ahshan, Nahidul Khan and
  Greg O Lory

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ThanksQuestions ?