PLASMA by Aaron Vice

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PLASMAby Aaron Vice

• Plasma is the liquid that carries the red blood
  cells
  

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PLASMA

• 90 water
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Magnesium
• Potassium

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PLASMA by Melissa Anderson
STRAW-COLORED, STICKY FLUID 90WATER PLASMA
PROTEINS MAKE UP 8 OF THE WEIGHT AND IS THE MOST
ABUNDANT SOLUTES ALBUMIN60 OF PLASMA PROTEINS,
CARRIES THROUGH CIRCULATION, BLOOD BUFFER,
ASMOTIC PRESSURE
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ADDITION TO TRANSPORTING VARIOUS SOLUTES AROUND
THE BODY, PLASMA DISTRITUTES HEAT THROUGHOUT THE
BODY!
POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS (BLUE)
NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS (YELLOW)
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Red blood cells are called erythrocytes
Red blood cells are carried by plasma
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Red blood cells look like miniature donuts when
viewed in a microscope.
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RED BLOOD CELLS

• Called erythrocytes are small biconcave cells
  containing large amounts of hemoglobin. They have
  no nucleus and few organelles . Spectrin allows
  the cells to change shape as they pass through
  tiny capillaries.
• Oxygen transport is major function of
  erythrocytes in the lungs.Oxygen binds to iron
  atoms in hemoglogin molecules. Producing
  oxyhemoglobin.In body tissues oxygen disociates
  from iron,producing deoxyhemoglobin. Erythrocytes
  disorders include anemia

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Hemoglobin
By Marc Williams
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Hemoglobin is a vital part of the red blood cell.
It allows the cell to perform its main and most
vital function. It is made up of the protein
globin and bound to a red pigment called heme.
Hemoglobin binds easily to oxygen which is
carried by the red blood cells to all parts of
the body.
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Neutrophil

• By Marc Williams

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NEUTROPHILS ARE THE MOST NUMEROUS WHITE BLOOD
CELLS.
NEUTROPHILS ARE TWICE AS LARGE AS RED BLOOD
CELLS.
NEUTROPHILS ARE PHAGOCYTIC, WHICH MEANS THEY
ENGULF, INGEST, AND DESTROY BACTERIA.
ONCE INSIDE THE NEUTROPHIL, THE BACTERIAS
MEMBRANE IS PIERCED AND IT DISSOLVES FROM THE
INSIDE OUT.
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Basophil

• By Kristen Donaldson

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Basophil

• Basophils are the rarest white blood cells and
  are the same size as the neutrophils
  
• Their cytoplasm contains large coarse
  histamine-containing granules
  
• Histamine is an inflammatory chemical that acts
  as a vasodilator and attracts white blood cells
  to inflamed sites
  
• mast cells are similar to basophils and they are
  found in connective tissue

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Basophils

• The End

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basophil
RAREST WHITE BLOOD CELLS ONLY .5 OF LEUKOCYTE
POPULATION SLIGHTLY SMALLER THEN THE NEUTROPHILS


STAINS PURPLISH BLACK HISTAMINE INFLAMMATORY C
HMICAL ACTS AS VASCULTOR AND ATTRACTS OTHER WHITE
BLOOD CELLS TO INFLAMED SITE.
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The deep purple nucleus is U or S shaped with 2
0r 3 conspicuous constrictions.

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Basophils and Plasma are extremely important for
your blood!

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EOSINOPHIL

• Eosinophils play many important roles in your
  body but maybe the most important is fighting off
  parasitic worms.

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Eosinophils live in loose connective tissue
waiting for a parasitic worm to eat. They also
lessen the severity of allergies. They do this
by phagocytizing immune complexes involved in
allergy attacks.
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LYMPHOCYTE

• There are two types of Lymphocytes. They are
  found in blood.

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There are two types of Lymphocytes, T and B
Lymphocytes. T-cells attack the viruses
themselves, while B-cells give rise to plasma
cells.
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LymphocyteThe second most abundant leukocyte in
the blood.
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Lymphocytes

• The two major types of lymphocytes in blood are B
  cells, which produce an antibody when activated
  and thus do not directly interact with the
  target, and T cells attack their targets
  directly. Both are part of the bloods defense
  against virus and other foreign objects.

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The red cell is the lymphocyte, the gray is a
macrophage.
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Monocyte

• By Wesley Hunt

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Monocyte
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Monocyte Maturation Chart
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Monocyte

• Produced by the bone marrow, are the largest
  blood cells. They ensure the immune defenses.
  Before reaching the tissues, where they become
  macrophages, they circulate in the blood. They
  eliminate bacteria and old red blood cells, and
  are particularly valuable in transforming foreign
  particles into antigenic peptides.

Bill Montgomery
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A platelet is a cell fragment found in blood and
is involved in clotting.
Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments of
extraordinarily large cells called megakaryocytes.
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Platelets are essential for the clotting process
that occurs in plasma when blood vessels are
ruptured or their lining is injured.
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Plateletsfragments that aid in blood clotting.

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Platelets
Blood platelets are not true cells, but are
fragments of a large cell in the bone marrow.
Platelet activation occurs when injury to the
vessel wall exposes sub-endothelial components,
especially collagen. Platelets adhere to the
damaged area and become cohesive to other
platelets. This aggregation leads to the
formation of a platelet plug, which prevents
further blood loss and allows the repair process
to begin. They are the bloods way of stopping
bleeding. Without them you would bleed forever.

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These are platelets in the blood, as you can see
they are starting to stick together to form a
plug.
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This is another picture of platelets, as they are
in the blood.
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ABO BLOOD GROUPS

• ABO blood groups are based on the presence or
  absence of two agglutinogens , type A and B.
  Depending on which of these a person inherits,
  his or her ABO blood group will be A, B, AB or
  O.
• Unique to the ABO blood groups is the presence in
  the plasma of preformed antibodies called
  aglutinins. These act against RBCs carrying ABO
  antigenes that are not present on a persons own
  red blood cells .

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ABO BLOOD GROUPS
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ABO Blood Groups

• The ABO blood group is the system for classifying
  human blood based on the presence or absence of
  antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood
  cells and is the most rare of the blood types. A
  person with type AB blood can receive blood
  transfusions from any other type (A, B, or O).

Bill Montgomery
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Anemia

• Definition
• Oxygen carrying ability of the blood is reduced
  due to a lack in either red blood cells or
  hemoglobin
  
• By Elizabeth Goldy

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Types

• Insufficient numbers of red blood cells
• Abnormal hemoglobin

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Insufficient Numbers of Red Blood Cells
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ANEMIA

• Reduced amounts of red blood cells

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Symtoms

• Weakness and faintness
• Shortness of breath
• increased heart beat
• headaches
• Sore tongue Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• dizziness
• bleeding gums Yellow eyes and skin (especially
  in the creases of the palms, under the
  fingernails, and in the lining of the eye)
  
• Confusion and dementia
• Severe cases may have signs of heart failure

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Decreases in Hemoglobin Content

• When the hemoglobin molecules are normal, but
  erythrocytes contain fewer than the usual number,
  a nutritional anemia is always suspected

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Iron-Deficiency Anemia

• Is usually a secondary result of hemorrhagic
  anemias, but it also results from inadequate
  intake of iron-containing foods and impaired iron
  absorption.
• Microcytes are small and pale. They are produced
  by the erythrocytes.

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Athletes and the disorder

• Athletes exercise vigorously and their blood
  volume expands, in effect, dilutes the blood
  components, a test for iron content of the blood
  at such times would indicate iron-deficiency
  anemia.
• This is also called Athletes anemia.
• The blood components return to physiologic levels
  within a day or so of resuming normal activity.

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Pernicious Anemia

• Pernicious anemia is due to a deficiency of
  vitamin B12. Because meats, poultry, and fish
  provide ample amounts of the vitamin, diet is
  rarely the problem except for strict vegetarians.
  
• A substance called intrinsic factor, produced by
  the stomach mucosa, must be present for vitamin
  b12 to be absorbed by intestinal cells.
  
• The developing erythrocytes grow by dont divide,
  the large, pale cells called macrocytes result.
  
  
• The treatment -involves regular intramuscular
  injections of vitamin B12

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Anemia

• Blair McKenna

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There are three types of an
emia. One type of anemia is when the bodies
hemoglobin decreases in content. This is a form
of Pernicious anemia. In this type of anemia
hemoglobin decreases in number and increases in
size. This type of anemia is caused by an
inadequate intake of iron-containing foods. This
can result in chronic blood hemorrhages or most
often the need for treatment with iron
supplements.
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Leukemia white blood cell disorder
By Blair McKenna
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Leukemia is a malignant disease of the white
blood cells, which play a key role in the bodys
defense against infection. Leukemia is a type of
cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood
forming tissues in the body. The source of the
cancer is unknown. In a normal WBC mature
leukocytes can not reproduce and are replaced at
the end of their lives. Leukemia cells have the
ability to reproduce but dont develop enough to
defend the body against infection.
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Symptoms fatigue weakness weight loss
due to lack of appetite The symptoms can last f
or years and can eventually develop into
complications such as anemia, bleeding under the
skin, recurrent fever, and the formation of
ulcers under the skin.
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Leukemia

• By Wesley Hunt

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Leukemia

• Leukemia is a malignant disease (cancer) of the
  bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by the
  uncontrolled growth of blood cells. The common
  types of leukemia are divided into four
  categories myelogenous or lymphocytic, which can
  be acute or chronic. The terms myelogenous or
  lymphocytic denote the cell type involved. Thus,
  the four major types of leukemia are acute or
  chronic myelogenous and acute or chronic
  lymphocytic leukemia.
• Acute leukemia is a rapidly progressing disease
  that results in the accumulation of immature,
  functionless cells in the marrow and blood. The
  marrow often can no longer produce enough normal
  red and white blood cells and platelets. Anemia,
  a deficiency of red cells, develops in virtually
  all leukemia patients. The lack of normal white
  cells impairs the body's ability to fight
  infections. A shortage of platelets results in
  bruising and easy bleeding. Chronic leukemia
  progresses more slowly and permits greater
  numbers of more mature, functional cells to be
  made.

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Symptoms and Causes
Signs and Symptoms Signs of acute leukemia may i
nclude easy bruising or bleeding (as a result o
f platelet deficiency), paleness or
easy fatigue (as a result of anemia), recurrent
minor infections or poor healing of minor cuts (
as a result of impaired white cell function).
These symptoms and signs are not specific to
leukemia and may be caused by other disorders.
They do warrant medical evaluation. The diagnosis
of leukemia requires specific blood tests,
including the examination of the cells in blood
or marrow. A proportion of people with chronic
leukemia may not have major symptoms and are
diagnosed during a "routine" medical examination.
Possible Causes Anyone can get leukemia. Leuke
mia strikes all ages and both sexes. The cause of
leukemia is not known. Although chronic exposure
to benzene in the workplace and exposure to
extraordinary doses of irradiation can be causes
of the disease, neither explains most cases.
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Treatment

• The aim of treatment is to bring about a complete
  remission. Complete remission means that there is
  no evidence of the disease. Relapse indicates a
  return of the cancer cells and return of other
  signs and symptoms of the disease. For leukemia,
  a complete remission that lasts five years after
  treatment is considered to indicate cure.
• Treatment centers are reporting increasing
  numbers of patients with leukemia in complete
  remission at least five years after diagnosis of
  their disease.

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Survival Rates
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WBC disorder-Mononucleosis

• The information on the disorder of Mono
• By April Robinson

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Facts on Mononucleosis

• Mononucleosis is a viral disease that affects
  certain blood cells.
  
• It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
• Most cases occur sporadically.
• Outbreaks are rare.

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How you can get Mono!

• The virus is spread by person-to-person contact,
  via saliva (on hands or toys, or by kissing). In
  rare instances, the virus has been transmitted by
  blood transfusion.

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The symptoms Of Mono

• Fever
• sore throat
• swollen glands and feeling tired
• Sometimes, the liver and spleen are affected.
• Duration is from one to several weeks
• The disease is very rarely fatal.

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When and for how long is a person able to spread
infectious mononucleosis and how soon do the
symptoms appear

• The virus is shed in the throat during the
  illness and for up to a year after infection.
  After the initial infection, the virus tends to
  become dormant for a prolonged period and can
  later reactivate and be shed from the throat
  again.
• Symptoms appear from four to six weeks after
  exposure.

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Mononucleosis

• By Kristen Donaldson

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Mononucleosis

• Called the kissing disease
• It is a highly contagious viral disease
• caused by the Epstein Barr Virus
• symptoms- being tired and achy, chronic sore
  throat, low-grade fever
  
• no cure