Comparing terminology between accounts and statistics. Energy statistics, balances and accounts,

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Comparing terminology between accounts and
statistics. Energy statistics, balances and
accounts,

• Olav Ljones
• London group. September 30 , 2008

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1. Introduction

• Energy is important
• Official statistics in the field of energy
  unclear role
• Oslo Group a city group established to improve
  this

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2. How to measure energy in statistics

• Science of physics
• Energy is carried by commodities
• Measured in tons etc or by energy units as Joule
• The role of conversion factors

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3. The totality and boundaries

• Energy is all over
• Energy creates wealth and income differneces
• Energy and environment
• The boundaries what to measure as production

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4. Transformation of energy

• Primary and secondary energy
• Energy may be transformed to other energy carriers

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Relevant handbooks

• UN handbook from 1982
• Energy Statistics Manual IEA/OECD and Eurostat
  2005
• The SEEA handbook from 2003
• The future IRES etc and SEEA-E

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6. Official statistics

• a full system with consistency or coherence
• Statistics is a wide concept and covers many
  types of data
• systems that put together data both for supply
  and demand side will be a part of energy
  statistics. These systems may be labelled
  balances or accounts

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7. Reserves and stocks

• extraction from non renewable resources
• Stocks of produced (previous extracted) will
  however be important for energy statistics.

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8. The Concept of Production

• important to observe that the most relevant
  definition of production may differ between
  energy statistics for economic purposes and
  energy statistics for environment purposes

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9. Units

• The term unit seems to be used in two distinct
  interpretations
• Accounting units, the measuring unit for energy
• reporting or observation unit . Enterprise or
  establishment

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10. Residence and territory principle.

• National accounts are basically based upon the
  residence principle
• The territory principle - which is used in Energy
  Balances - should in principle not include energy
  used abroad by inland units and should include
  energy used on the national territory by foreign
  units.
• The precise empirical difference between
  residence and territory may be difficult to
  measure.
• Bridge tables

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11. Balances and Accounts

• Balances an overall accounting framework in
  which all sources of energy or at least all those
  relevant to the analysis can be expressed in a
  single accounting unit so that the flow of each
  can be traced from its origin in production or
  imports through transformation to delivery (with
  or without transformation) to exports or to
  inland final energy users. (UN 1982 13)
• Accounts
• Energy Asset accounts (reserves).
• Energy Flow accounts

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UN 2008, Global assessement of energy accounts

• Energy accounts
• Energy asset accounts
• Energy flow accounts (for each energy commodity
  ?)
• Physical energy asset accounts
• Monetary energy asset accounts
• Physical energy flow accounts
• Monetary flow accounts
• In Q 55 Energy balances listed as a possible data
  source for energy flow accounts

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SEEA-E, Draft Ch 1-4

• Asset accounts in physical and monetary units
  (stock accounts)
• Supply and use tables for energy products in
  physical and monetary units (flow accounts)
• Energy related air emission accounts
• Hybrid accounts
• Protection expenditure accounts and resource
  management accounts
• Physical asset accounts
• Monetary asset accounts
• Physical flow accounts
• Monetary flow accounts
• Asset accounts for exploration and evaluation
  activities
• Physical supply tables for energy products
• Asset accounts for inventories of energy
  products

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IRES

• Energy balances
• Energy accounts, bridge tables
• Supply and use
• Territory and residence principle
• Production boundary
• Energy sources, carriers, commodities
• Renewable non renewable
• Flows and stocks, reserves
• Statistical units population of units
• Final use, consumption
• Units of measurement, Conversion factors

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12. Conclusions

• Energy statistics should be strengthened as a
  part of official statistics
• Collect data from respondents once and use may
  times
• Globalisation is a challenge for official
  statistics in general and so also for energy
  statistics
• The concept of statistics is a wide concept and
  is meaningful in most contexts
• Energy balances seems at present to be rather
  well defined
• Energy accounts seem at the present to be used in
  various ways
• Accounts Documentation metadata may prevent
  confusion