A New Framework for the Citation Indexing Paradigm

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A New Framework for the Citation Indexing
Paradigm
D.A. Dervos(1), N. Samaras(2), G.
Evangelidis(2), T. Folias(2)
(1)
Information Technology Dept.,
Alexander Technology
Educational Institute (ATEI),
P.O. BOX 141, 57400
Sindos, Greece
dad_at_it.teithe.gr
(2) Dept. of Applied Informatics,

University of Macedonia,
P.O. BOX 1591, 54006
Thessaloniki, Greece
samaras, gevan, folias_at_uom.gr
ASIST 2006 Annual Meeting, November 3-8, Austin,
TX, U.S.A.
Universidad de Malaga, Depto. Lenguajes y
Ciencias de la Computacion
22/03/2006
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Citation Indexing (C.I.)

• C.I. improves scientific communication by
• revealing relationships between articles,
• drawing attention to important corrections
  or retractions of published work,
• identifying significant improvements of
  criticisms of earlier work, and
• helping limit the wasteful duplication of
  prior research

S. Lawrence, C.L. Giles, K. Bollacker, Digital
Libraries and Autonomous Citation Indexing, IEEE
Computer Magazine, 32 (6) (1999), pp. 67-71
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Drawbacks
1. Undue weight to highly cited review articles
vs. original research contributions (1)
2. Articles ranked on the basis of their
popularity, only. In the near future a
shift from an evaluation based on
popularity, i.e. citation frequency, to an
evaluation that will also incorporate the
prestige of those who cite the article in
question (2)
3. Unfair to author(s) of the cited item whose
name(s) do(es) not appear in the authors
list of the citing item, yet the scheme is
taken to comprise a self-citation etc.

• J.S. Hirsch, An Index to quantify an individuals
  scientific research output, Proceedings of the
  National Academy of Sciences, 102(46), pp
  16569-16572, 2005
• J. Bollen, M.A. Rodriguez, H. Van de Sompel,
  Journal Status, retrieved on 19 June, 2006 from
  http//arxiv.org/abs/cs.DL/060130

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Today

• Internet based scholarly communication
  environment
• Open access movement
• Globalization in academia and research

re-define the accessibility factor for
published works, and call for an improved
scheme that assesses the contribution
research publications, authors, and scientific
collections make in promoting science and
technology

• Advanced tools and methodologies

make possible the extraction of useful
information from large citation databases
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Our Contribution

• Citations considered to target (article,
  author) pairs
• Cascading citations (up to a pre-specified
  depth)
• A new concept the chord

we have chosen to extend the citation indexing
paradigm, prior to conducting analysis on the
citations data
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Hypothetical Collection Citation Graph
Captures the citation indexinginter-relationships
for a given collection of research
publica-tions (e.g. journal and/or confe-rence
proceedings articles), at a given instance in
time.
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1-gen (direct) citation example
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2-gen citation example
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Self-Citation
A k-gen (k1,2,) citation path having article S
as itssource and (T,A) as its target comprises a
k-gen self-citation instance when the author in
the target item (A) is present in the authors
list of the source article (S)
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Self-citation example
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Chord
A k-gen (k2,3,) (self-)chord comprises a case
wherea k-gen (self-) citation co-exists with a
1-gen (self-)citation involving the same source
(S) and the sametarget (T,A).
Justification a target item to watch the source
cites it not only indirectly, but also directly.
In essence, it involves a co-citation instance
at the source-, and a bibliographic coupling
instance at thetarget- ends. As a concept, it
may be further generalized.
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Medal Standings Type Output

• Intentionally left un-modulated/un-weighted to
• Just deliver the information present in the graph
• Facilitate subsequent analysis (data mining)

the Cascading Citations Indexing Framework
c2IF
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For c2IF_Sys to Work

• Universal Author Identifier (UAI)
• A web-based service
• Authors acquire unique IDs that remain
  invariant for life
• Alleviates discrepancies originating from
  misspel- led names, homonyms, name aliases, or
  name varia- tions (e.g. Eugene Garfield, E.
  Garfield, Eugène Garfield, etc.)
• Decentralized administration involves
  libraries, and publishers. Not tied to any
  one single source of interest (publisher,
  citation database vendor, etc.)

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C-CAP (http//www.ccapnet.org)
Sponsors Research Committee, Technology
Educational Institute of Thessaloniki
Research Committee, University of Macedonia,
Thessaloniki Thomson Scientific
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c2IF_Sys/UAI_Sys Architecture
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UAI_Sys/c2IF_Sys User Four Phases
PHASE 1 (UAI_Sys) Registration
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UAI_Sys User Registration
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c2IF_Sys Unauthorized User
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UAI_Sys User Authorization
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c2IF_Sys Authorized User
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Conclusion and Further Research
The End

• c2IF_Sys performance optimization
• k-gen weights will make possible the
  calculation of one single citations rank
  value for each one (author, article) pair,
  then
• this will ease the calculation of a new,
  improved impact factor value at the host
  publication/event level (journal,
  conference/workshop proceedings)
• How about generalizing the chord concept to
  cover zero or one k-gen (k gt 0) citations,
  all involving the same source-, and target-
  items?
• Analysis (DM) on the medal standings table
  content

• c2IF A new framework for the calculation
  of improved research value
  ratings for publications, at the
  (article, author) level
• 1-gen, 2-gen, , k-gen citations considered,
  the result presented in the form of a medals
  standings table
• The chord concept. Interesting
  observation involves co-citations at the
  (common) source end, and bibliographic
  coupling at the (common) target end.