Endocrine System

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Endocrine System

• Exercise 33

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Glands of the brain

• Hypothalamus-just below thalamus, just above the
  pituitary gland
• Regulates certain metabolic processes, hunger,
  thirst, body temp. and circadian cycles
• Secretes neurohormones that stimulate the
  pituitary gland

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Glands of the Brain

• Pituitary gland- located in the sella turcica
  (Turkish saddle) of the sphenoid bone
• Hormones produced here are involved in
• Growth
• Metabolism
• Sex organ function (FSH, LH and oxytocin)
• Pregnancy and childbirth (oxytocin)
• Milk production (oxytocin)
• Blood pressure
• Thyroid function (TSH)
• Water regulation of the body (ADH)

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Glands of the brain

• Pineal gland- located between the 2 hemispheres
  of the brain
• Secretes melatonin
• Causes drowsiness
• Allows for circadian rhythm
• Biological clock

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Glands of the body

• Thyroid- located at the cricoid cartilage below
  the larynx
• Secretes T3 (thyroxine) and T4 (triiodothyronine)
• Basal metabolic rate
• Growth and development
• Thermoregulation
• How the nervous system responds to other hormone
• Produced calcitonin-decreases blood Ca levels

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Glands of the body

• Parathyroid- 4 small glands located behind the
  thyroid gland
• Secretes parathyroid hormone
• Increases blood Ca levels by increasing
  osteoclast activity

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Glands of the body

• Thymus- located just above the heart
• Nurtures T-cells for the lymphatic system
• Helps with immunity

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Glands of the body

• Pancreas- located just below the stomach
• Islet of Langerhans
• Secretes insulin, glucagon and somatostatin and
  gastrin

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Glands in the body

• Adrenal- located on top of the kidneys
• Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
• Also produces cortisol and androgens like
  testosterone

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Glands in the body

• Ovary- female reproductive organs located in the
  pelvic cavity
• Produce estrogen and progesterone
• Maintains 2º sex characteristics
• Induces puberty
• Supports maturation of endometrial lining
• Maintain the menstrual cycle

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Glands of the body

• Testicles- inferior to the penis, externally in
  the scrotum
• Produces testosterone in the interstitial cells

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Male and Female Reproductive System

• Exercise 46 and 47

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Introduction

• Dont forget to open the introduction and study
  the list of structures to know for the exam.
• The exam is the week after Fall Break!