Chapter 6: The Phoenicians

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Chapter 6 The Phoenicians Hebrews

• 1200 B.C. 510 B.C.

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Section 1 Phoenicians

• Came from small land that connected Mesopotamia
  Egypt
• Known as Canaanites
• Phoenician means purple merchants
• Came from Northern Canaan
• Most information we know comes from the Bible

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Growth of Trade
Effects

• Control of Med. Trade
• Traveling workshops
• Plotted courses by sun stars
• Exploration of new land
• Spread of culture
• Use of treaties to keep peace

Causes
Rise of Phoenician Trade

1. Location along sea
2. Scarcity of land to grow food
3. Cedar forests to build ships

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Cities of Phoenicia

• Each city was its own city-state b/c of isolation
  from mountains
• Money from trade caused jealousy among
• Largest cities Tyre, Byblos, Beirut, Sidon

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• Led by Kings Councils
• Skilled as carpenters, cabinetmakers, and metal
  workers
• Port center of activity
• Important cloth-dying centers

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Gods Goddesses

• Believed in many nature gods
• Built temples
• Holy of holies sacred chamber where image or
  stone was kept
• Believed in life after death
• Buried their dead in clay urns
• Embalmed wrapped the body

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Carthage 814 BC

• Colonies (permanent settlements) turned into
  trading cities along Northern Africa
• Most famous Carthage
• Dido from Tyre said to have built city

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Phoenician Alphabet

• Use of Pictures Hieroglyphics Canaan
  Writing Alphabet
• 22 Symbols or letters but no vowels
• Reader would know what vowel sound to put in
• Read from right to left
• Used to keep records of trading
• Brought to Europe where Greeks
• Romans changed it.