The World of the Romans - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 51
About This Presentation
Title:

The World of the Romans

Description:

The World of the Romans Chapter 6 – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:106
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 52
Provided by: CobbCounty1235
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The World of the Romans


1
The World of the Romans
  • Chapter 6

2
Early History
  • Early community built on plain of Latium (Latins)
  • 753 BC - Rome founded along Tiber River
  • Legend of Romulus and Remus twins raised by a
    wolf
  • Romulus slays Remus and builds Rome on 7 hills

3
Geography
  • Peninsula
  • Apennine Mountains
  • Fertile Plains (Po Valley)
  • Tyrrhenian Sea (W), Adriatic Sea (E)
  • Geography did NOT divide
  • More farmland
  • 18 miles from sea (far enough from raiders)
  • Juts into Mediterranean - trade

4
Greek Etruscan Influence
  • Greeks olives, vineyards, alphabet,
    architecture, culture, literature
  • Etruscans toga, organization of army, city of
    Rome

5
Roman Republic
  • 509 BC Last Etruscan king defeated
  • Established the Republic
  • Roman Confederation people could run affairs
    hoped to be citizens provided soldiers
  • Successes
  • Good diplomats
  • Firm, cruel when necessary crushed rebellions
  • Extended citizenship allowed to rule own affairs
  • Practical built colonies, roads efficient
    effective

6
Republic cont.
  • 2 Consuls elected for 1 year led armies
  • Senate 300 could make laws
  • Patricians ruling class, great landowners,
    could be consuls
  • Plebeians Craftsmen, merchants, small farmers
    little power
  • Struggles between the two resulted in more power
    Council of the plebs
  • Twelve Tables Laws written for plebeians

7
Conquest
  • Carthage founded 800 BC by the Phoenicians
  • Coast of Africa spread to Sicily, Spain,
    Corsica, Sardinia
  • Made Romans nervous
  • Led to a series of wars called the Punic Wars

8
Punic Wars
  • 1st (264 BC) Rome built its navy and defeated
    Carthage made Sicily Romes first province
  • 2nd (218 BC) Hannibal crossed into Spain
    w/horses, elephants crossed the Alps (most
    animals died)
  • Huge toll on Roman Army Battle of Cannae Rome
    invades Carthage Carthage loses Spain became
    another Roman province

9
Punic Wars cont.
  • 3rd 50 years later Rome totally destroys
    Carthage 50,000 sold into slavery became the
    province of Africa
  • Later Macedonia, Greece and Asia Minor made
    provinces
  • Rome is master of the Mediterranean Sea

10
(No Transcript)
11
Hannibals army crossing the Alps
12
(No Transcript)
13
Section 2 Fall of the Republic
  • Growing inequality and unrest
  • Senate controlled by small, wealthy few
  • Small farms forced out by large ones landless
    poor, drifting, slave labor
  • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus wanted land to give
    to poor both Senators killed more instability
    and violence
  • Army power shifts to local generals loyalty to
    general not to the state

14
Competition for Power
  • Crassus richest in Rome
  • Pompey military hero in Spain
  • Julius Caesar military hero in Spain also
  • Formed First Triumvirate government by 3 people
  • Pompey Spain
  • Crassus Syria (killed in Syria)
  • Caesar Gaul (France)

15
1st Triumvirate cont.
  • Senators fear Caesar the most refused to
    relinquish his power
  • Crossed the Rubicon into Rome, defeated Pompey
  • 46 BC made dictator 44 BC dictator for life
  • Reforms
  • Land to poor, increased Senate to 900 (weakens
    Senate)
  • Citizenship to provinces, introduced Egyptian
    calendar (365 days)
  • Added colonies and created jobs for Romans very
    popular among the people

16
Caesar cont.
  • 44 BC Senate kills Julius Caesar
  • 2nd Triumvirate Octavian, Mark Antony, Marcus
    Lepidus- fails
  • Power struggle Octavian (grandnephew) and Mark
    Antony
  • Antony allies w/Cleopatra of Egypt
  • Battle of Actium Octavian crushes army of
    Cleopatra Antony (both commit suicide)
  • End of the Roman Republic!

17
The Roman Empire
18
Roman Empire
  • Octavian given title of Augustus by Senate
  • First Roman Emperor (imperator)
  • Roman legion
  • Praetorian guard to guard emperor
  • Extends power of Rome into Balkans
  • Pushed to Danube stopped by Germanic tribes

19
Tomb of Augustus
20
Early Empire (14AD 180AD)
  • Julio-Claudian emperors (Tiberius, Caligula,
    Caludius, Nero)
  • Period of good emperors (Nerva, Trajan,
    Hadrian, Pius, Marcus Aurelius)
  • Pax Romana 200 years of peace
  • Power of emperor grew
  • Peace, expansion, building projects, public works
  • Aqueducts, bridges, roads, harbors
  • Hadrians wall in Britain

21
The Pantheon
22
Ceiling of Pantheon
23
(No Transcript)
24
Trajans Marketplace
25
Early Empire cont.
  • Difficult to maintain empire
  • 3.5 million square miles
  • 50 million people
  • Latin and Greek (west and east) mix and become
    Greco-Roman culture
  • Trade routes all the way to China!
  • Farming chief occupation great gap between rich
    and poor

26
(No Transcript)
27
Section 3 Culture Society
  • Took writings art of Greece
  • Educated Greek slaves were tutors
  • Poet Virgil, Aenid
  • Livy history of Rome celebrated Romes
    greatness
  • Law Natural law based on reason standards of
    justice for all (innocent until proven guilty
    can defend oneself, etc.)

28
Family
  • Paterfamilias male was absolute authority
  • Divorce common
  • Some tutors for girls but pushed to marry
  • Changed over time husband became less powerful
  • Women were respected companions

29
Slavery
  • Common practice most from Italy and were part
    of the family
  • After conquest of Mediterranean, more slaves
  • Greeks in demand as tutors, doctors, musicians,
    artists
  • Horrible conditions for many revolts, especially
    in Sicily
  • 73 BC Spartacus leads 70,000 killed and 6,000
    followers executed

30
Daily Life
  • Rome crowded and dangerous at night
  • Gap between rich and poor
  • Fires a constant threat
  • No plumbing, heat
  • Magnificent public buildings temples, baths,
    markets, theatres, arches, amphitheatres
  • Poor relied on govt. grain malnutrition

31
Daily Life cont.
  • Public shows huge spectacle
  • Circus Maximus chariot races
  • Theatrical performances
  • Gladiators most popular shows fought at the
    Coliseum
  • Gruesome fights thousands of animals slaughtered

32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
Section 4 - Christianity
  • Romans were polytheistic (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva,
    Mars, etc.)
  • Had household gods also - Vesta
  • Tolerant of other religions
  • Judaea (Jewish kingdom) had been made a Roman
    province led by Procurator, a Roman official
  • Conflicts among Jews about cooperation with Rome

38
Christianity
  • Jesus of Nazareth began preaching
  • Importance of not adhering to the letter of the
    law but transforming the inner self love God and
    one another humility, charity, love
  • Basis for western civilization
  • Some welcomed him as the messiah upset others

39
Christianity cont.
  • To Romans, seen as a revolutionary who could
    cause an uprising
  • Denounced on all sides, turned over to Romans
  • Pontius Pilate had him crucified (common method
    then)
  • Followers said he came back as a savior
    Christus (the anointed one)

40
Christianity cont.
  • Paul preached that Jesus came for our sins,
    therefore, by accepting Jesus, could achieve
    salvation
  • Passed on in writings New Testament
  • Christianity grew through the empire (structure
    of Rome actually helped roads)
  • Rome grew nervous, Christians refused to worship
    state gods and emperors

41
Christianity cont.
  • Seen as treason persecuted intermittently
    throughout history
  • Nero began widespread persecution
  • Strengthened in 2nd and 3rd centuries
  • Offered much
  • Salvation
  • Gave life meaning beyond daily world
  • Jesus as human was easy to relate to

42
Christianity cont.
  • Initiation was baptism, not painful or expensive
  • Fulfilled human need to belong
  • Attractive to all classes, especially poor and
    powerless
  • Spiritual equality

43
Christianity cont.
  • 4th Century Constantine became the first
    Christian emperor
  • 313 Edict of Milan gave tolerance of
    Christianity
  • Theodosius the Great (378-395) Christianity
    becomes official religion of the Roman empire

44
(No Transcript)
45
Section 5 Decline of Rome
  • Invasions, civil wars
  • Trade declines, farms decline, plague
  • Financial strain had to pay armies more
  • Diocletian and Constantine tried to make reforms
  • Divided into 4 regions
  • Enlarged army mobile units including Germans
  • Built Constantinople (Byzantium) new capital
  • More needed to pay for civil service, army
  • Bureaucracy

46
Constantines Arch
47
Decline cont.
  • After Constantine, west under increasing pressure
    from invaders
  • Huns from Asia moved into Europe, put pressure on
    German Visigoths moved into Rome as allies, soon
    revolted
  • 410 Vandals sacked Rome (Rome sacked several
    times)
  • 476 Romulus Augustus deposed by German army
    considered end of Rome

48
(No Transcript)
49
Reasons for Decline
  • Christian emphasis on spirituality weakened
    military virtues
  • Traditional Roman values declined
  • Lead poisoning (pipes)
  • Plague
  • Failed to advance technologically due to slavery
  • Unable to put together a workable political
    system
  • East remained free from invasion for 1,000 years
    (Byzantine Empire)

50
(No Transcript)
51
Legacy of Rome
  • Law codified laws, impartial and humane (all
    are equal before the law, guaranteed legal
    protection)
  • Architecture roads, bridges, aqueducts,
    majestic marble buildings, arch, dome, column
    Coliseum
  • Language Latin is root of romance languages
    (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese)
  • Preserved intellectual heritage of the Greeks
  • Greco-Roman
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com