The First Muslims (400 to 1000)

1
The First Muslims (400 to 1000)

• Chapter 3, Lesson 1
• EQ How can religion influence the development of
  an empire?

2
Home Learning (Vocabulary)

• Allah
• Quran
• Islam
• Muslim
• Hijrah
• hajj
• Five Pillars of Islam
• Mosque
• Home Learning Complete 3 progress check
  questions Chapter 3, Lesson 1.

3
Islamic Empire 600-800
4
The Arabs

• The Arabsarose in the Arabian Peninsula and
  spread their influence throughout Western Asia
  and beyond.
• Arabs were nomads, farmers and sheepherders
• They became major carriers of goods between the
  Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean, where the
  Silk Road ended.
• Polytheisticbut they believed in a supreme God
  called Allah.

5
The Religion of Islam

• The religion is called Islam.
• People who practice Islam are called Muslims.

6
Muhammad The Prophet

• Prophet messenger of God.
• Muhammad born in 570 AD.
• Liked to go off by himself and pray in the
  desert.
• He heard the voice of the angel Gabriel telling
  him to proclaim the one true God.
• Prior to Muhammad this area of the world was
  divided and worshiped many gods.

7
The Hijrah

• Muhammad converted few people in Makkah (Mecca),
  but they were persecuted.
• He and his followers journeyed to Madinah
  (Medina).
• The journey from Makkah to Madinah is known as
  the Hijrah
• The year the journey occurred (622 AD) became
  known as the year 1 to the Muslims.

8
Allah

• Allah name of God
• Even before Mahammad the Arabs called their God
  Allah
• You will never see an image of Allah. Muslims
  believe that He does not resemble any other form
  in creation in any way.

9
The Quran

• Holy Book of Islam
• Written in Arabic
• Muslims believe that Allah revealed the Quran to
  Muhammad.
• The Quran has the rules Muslims live by

10
The Five Pillars of Islam

• 1. Faith There is only one God, and Muhammad
  is the Prophet
• 2. Prayer Five times a day
• 3. Sharing All Muslims pay a tax to help the
  poor
• 4. Fasting Not eating or drinking during
  daylight during the month of Ramadan
• 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj) All Muslims want to make a
  pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca once in
  their lifetimes.

11
Practices of Islam

• Muslims pray 5 times a day, facing east.

12
A Mosque

• A mosque is the place of worship for Muslims.

13
The Hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca
Kabbaa cube looking building, Islams most
sacred mosque. Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
The Black Stone is located at the eastern corner.
Tradition states that the stone was given to
Adam, the first man, so that he could obtain
forgiveness for his sins. Pilgrims attempt to
kiss the stone each time they circle the Kaaba.
17
14
Islamic symbol

• The Star Crescent Moon
• Star and Crescent Moon on many Islamic nations
  flags.

15
The Beginning of Islam Video

• Review the questions on the worksheet.
• Watch the video.
• Answer questions.

16
Primary Source 1 The Pilgrimage to Mecca

• Read the excerpt from a personal narrative of a
  pilgrimage to Madinah and Mecca, then answer the
  questions that follow.
• Historical Comprehension Why do Muslims perform
  the hajj?
• Historical Analysis and Interpretation How does
  Burton describe the hajj?

17
Foundations of Islam
18
Islamic Law
19
Primary Source 2 The Quran

• Read this excerpt from the Quran to answer the
  questions that follow.
• Answer the Following Questions
• Historical Comprehension What is the shariah?
• Historical Analysis and Interpretation What is
  the message of the third verse given here?

20
Islamic Trade Routes

• Empire prosperity came from an extensive trade
  network with China, India, and Africa.
• The Arab empire absorbed the cultures of
  conquered peoples.
• They brought laws and written language to some of
  the conquered societies.

21
Prosperity of Islamic Society

• Flourishing trade led to prosperous cities
• Baghdad (Iraq)
• Damascus (Syria)
• Distinctive citiespublic buildings, fountains,
  hidden courtyards, public baths and bazaars
  (covered markets).
• Very urbanized cities, but most people were
  country folks.

22
Activity Islamic Society

• Read pg. 57
• Take notes using the following chart
• Answer the Guiding Question and Progress Check
  Question on page. 57.

23
Arab Cities and Society Review Questions

• 1. Explaining Why was the bazaar an important
  part of a Muslim city or town?
• 2. Identifying Use your notes to identify
  characteristics of the upper class, slaves, and
  women in the Islamic world.
• 3. Evaluating What factors allowed both urban and
  rural areas to flourish after the eighth century
  within the Arab Empire?
• 4. Making Generalizations How were the principles
  of Islam reflected in the social structure of the
  Arab Empire?

24
Islamic Civilization Contributions
25
Islamic Contributions

• They made advances in mathematics, medicine, and
  astronomy.
• Created great works of literature, art, and
  architecture.
• Muslim scholars preserved the work of ancient
  Indian and Greek thinkers and added to this
  knowledge before passing it on to the Europeans
  in later centuries.
• http//www.1001inventions.com/media/video/library

26
Lasting Contributions of Islamic Culture

• Preservation of ancient knowledge The works of
  ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle and
  Plato, were translated and studied by Muslim
  scholars. Eventually, this knowledge was passed
  to western Europe.
• Mathematics Arabs invented algebra, and they
  adopted numerals from India that spread to
  Europe.
• Astronomy Muslims set up an observatory to study
  the stars, and developed the astrolabe as a
  navigational tool.
• Medicine Medicine was made a field of scientific
  study by Muslims, who correctly described the
  contagious nature of certain diseases.

27
Activity

• Each group will get assigned an area
• Science (Homero)
• History/Literature (Beatriz)
• Art (Tatiana)
• Architecture (Sofia)
• Using your notes from the film/ book (pg. 58-59)
• Identify the inventor
• Identify their invention
• Explain how his/her contribution changed the
  world
• (4-5 sentences)
• Illustrate the invention

28
Activity

• After copying notes, read pages 47-49.
• Using what you've read and the notes you took in
  class to create an informative brochure about the
  religion of Islam.
• The brochure should teach people what Islam, its
  characteristics, and its history
• Also, include illustrations that can easily
  explain the religion and the Muslims' beliefs.
• You must use your own words.
• Rubric Include at least 5 characteristics, has
  at least 2 images, and is grammar free.