During the early part of World War II a brigade of French soldiers were trapped by a superior force of German force and unable to escape. The French were without adequate food and virtually out of water for several hot September days.

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• During the early part of World War II a brigade
  of French soldiers were trapped by a superior
  force of German force and unable to escape. The
  French were without adequate food and virtually
  out of water for several hot September days.
• When they finally escaped the encirclement, the
  soldiers retreated. They came across a farm with
  many bee hives and quickly removed the combs and
  ate large amounts of honey.
• All but one perished within several hours.
  WHY??? (They did not die from enemy fire or bee
  stings.)

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Organic Chemistry
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Carbon

• Living things are mostly made of very few
  elements
• C H O N P S
• Carbon is the most useful
• Plants take in carbon from CO2 .

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Carbon

• Organic chemistry is the study of carbon
  compounds
• Vitalism vs. mechanism.

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Remember Miller?
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Isomers

• Structural
• Geometric
• Enantiomers

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Isomers

• Structural
• vs.
• Geometric
• Enantiomers

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Isomers

• Structural
• vs.
• Geometric
• vs.
• Enantiomers

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Isomers

• Structural
• vs.
• Geometric
• vs.
• Enantiomers
• vs.

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Functional Groups

• hydroxyl
• carbonyl
• carboxyl
• amino
• sulfhydryl
• phosphate

• -OH
• gtCO
• -COOH
• -NH2
• -SH
• -OPO32-

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ATP

• Adenosine triphosphate is the primary energy
  source for the cell
• ?-?-?-adenosine
• ATP ? ADP energy.

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Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids.

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Carbohydrates

• Sugars (CH2O)
• Dehydration ? polymers
• Storage polymers
• Structural polysaccharides .

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Dehydration synthesis
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Dehydration synthesis
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Dehydration synthesis
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Dehydration synthesis
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Dehydration synthesis
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Dehydration synthesis
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Dehydration synthesis
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• CH2OH

• CH2OH

• CH2OH

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starch

• CH2OH

• CH2OH

• CH2OH

• CH2OH

CH2OH

• CH2OH

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cellulose

• CH2OH

• CH2OH

CH2OH

• CH2OH

• CH2OH

• CH2OH

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Lipids

• Fats
• Fatty acid has hydroxyl group
• Triglycerides
• Saturated and unsaturated
• Phospholipids
• Steroids.

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fatty acid
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fatty acid
glycerol
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dehydration synthesis
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dehydration synthesis
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dehydration synthesis
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triglyceride
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saturated
saturated
unsaturated
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phospholipid
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• CH3

• CH3

• CH3

• CH3

• CH3

cholesterol
OH
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OH

• CH3

• CH3

testosterone
O
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OH

• CH3

estradiol
OH
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Concept Check Questions
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Concept Check Questions

• Draw a structural formula for C2H4.

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Concept Check Questions

• What is the chemical similarity between gasoline
  and fat?

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Concept Check Questions

• What does the term amino acid signify about the
  structure of such a molecule?

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Concept Check Questions

• How many molecules of water are needed to
  completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 10
  monomers long?

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Concept Check Questions

• After you eat a slice of apple, which reactions
  must occur for the amino acid monomers in the
  protein of the apple to be converted into
  proteins in your body?

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Concept Check Questions

• A dehydration reaction joins two glucose
  molecules to form maltose. The formula for
  glucose is C6H12O6. what is the formula for
  maltose?

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Concept Check Questions

• Compare and contrast starch and cellulose.

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Concept Check Questions

• Compare the structure of a fat with that of a
  phospholipid.

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Concept Check Questions

• How do saturated fats differ from unsaturated
  fats, both in structure and behavior?
• .