Causes of World War I

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Causes of World War I
Europe at its peak 25 of worlds population
lived in Europe Modernization led to sense that
Europeans were at the peak of World Civilization
Imperial Tensions-European mations competed for
colonies
Militarism-Glorification of war and increase in
military spending
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Nationalism Combined with militarism and imperial
competition this increased tensions in Europe
The System of Alliances- web of treaties to
protect themselves
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World War I -notes
Triple Alliance 1882 Germany Austria-
Hungary Italy
Triple Entente 1907 France Russia Britain
Nationalism-Devotion to the interests or culture
of a particular nation.
Imperialism-The policy of extenidng a nations
authority by territorial acquisition or by the
establishment of economic and authority over
other nations
Military Build-up -Military expenditures jumped
300between 1870 and 1914
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Events leading to WWI
June 281914 in Sarajevo Capital of Bosnia-
Archduke Francis Ferdinand was murdered by 7
assassins from the Black Hand a Serbian
nationalist group. 19 year old Gavrillo Princip
shot the Archduke wife
July 28 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia The next day Russia mobilized troops to
support Serbia.
August 1 1914 Germany declared War on Russia. A
few days later Germany declared war on France.
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Gavrilo Princip
Princip (second from right) being taken into
custody in Sarajevo
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War Breaks Out

• European nations are in alliances
• Assassination of the Archduke
• Germany gives Austria-Hungary blank Check of
  military support
• Austria- Hungary gives Serbia ULTIMATUM
• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
• Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported
  Austria-Hun.
• -Germany declares war on Russia and France
• -Britain declares war on Germany

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Fronts of the War

• THE WESTERN FRONT
• Germany tried to take France quickly in the
  Western front and then turn to fight Russia
  instead battle lines formed in France and changed
  little.
• Battle at Verdun-680000 casualties Somme- over
  one million casualties

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• THE EASTERN FRONT
• Lack of modern technology caused Russia enormous
  defeats
• Russia fell into a civil war during WWI-signed a
  peace treaty with Germany-had to give up 1/4 of
  their country.
• THE ITALIAN FRONT
• The Italians joined the Triple Entente in 1915
  and fought Austria-Hungary

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New Weapons used in the War

• THE MACHINE GUN
• Modern industry replaced the single fire rifle
• fired 8 rounds per second
• ARTILLERY
• greater power and could be fired a greater
  distance
• big Bertha
• 24 million shells used in the Battle of Verdun

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Weapons of the Industrial Age

• 75 different types of poison-gas bombs used
• Flame throwers
• Tanks
• Airplanes

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Casualties of Modern Weaponry

• Tactics of sending masses of men toward enemy
  didnt work against mod. Weapons
• Britain suffered 57470 casualties on the first
  day of the battle of the Somme
• Total losses for WWI exceeded 10 million

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This type of mask was not effective in filtering
out the more deadly phosgene and diphosgene
gases. There was no mask that could
offerprotection from the blistering mustard gas
which attacks all exposed flesh.
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Blistering Agent Dichlorethylsulphide the most
dreaded of all chemical weapons in World War I -
mustard gas. Unlike the other gases which attack
the respiratory system this gas acts on any
exposed moist skin. This includes but is not
limited to the eyes lungs armpits and groin.
A gas mask could offer very little protection.
The oily agent would produce large burn-like
blisters wherever it came in contact with skin.
It also had a nasty way of hanging about in low
areas for hours even days after being
dispersed. A soldier jumping into a shell crater
to seek cover could find himself blinded with
skin blistering and lungs bleeding.
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The first army issue gas masks were little more
than gauze bandages with ties.
In 1918 a German corporal by the name of Adolf
Hitler was temporarily blinded by a British gas
attack in Flanders. Having suffered the agonies
of gas first hand his fear of the weapon would
prevent him from deploying it as a tactical
weapon on the battlefields of the Second World
War.
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The shells they fired weighed 1786 pounds and
they could fire one every 6 minutes.
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German 42cm Big Bertha named for Bertha Krupp
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French troops loading a 40cm shell into a railway
gun
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As prey a crippled U-boat pursued by British
Curtiss Large America flying boats. Painting
by C.R. Fleming-Williams
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View from the tower as a torpedo hits home on a
merchant ship
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UC 44 Class U-boat 1) Aft torpedo tubes 2)
Electric motor 3) Main engine 4) Control room 5)
Mine tubes 6) Forward torpedo tubes 7) Crew
quarters
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The Reality of Soldiers Lives

• Patriotic Fervor
• Many Europeans looked forward to war at the start
• Attitudes change- Soldiers changes Euros
  optimistic fervor through letters about the
  horrors of war
• The Return Home- no crowds or heroes welcome
  after the war

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Typical British gear inluding rifle gas mask and
helmet. Each soldier was expected to carry this
70 pounds of equipment into battle
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German infantry in the 1914 uniforms near the
start of the war.
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Trench Warfare

• The Race to the Sea
• 475 miles of trenches were dug across N. France
• British troops used over 10 million shovels
• LIFE IN THE TRENCHES-
• charging over the top-crossing NO MANS LAND to
  reach enemy trenches
• Boring terrifying and caused shell shock
• Horrible living conditions

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These vast German trenches near Bullecourt are
part of the heavily fortified Hindenburg Line
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Effect of the War on the Home Front

• Mobilizations for Total War
• Civilians back home made huge sacrifices
• Govts controlled industries rationing
• New Jobs for Women- took jobs men traditionally
  held.
• Number in paid employment rose by over one
  million
• Discovered autonomy and greater mobility
• Women won the right to vote throughout Europe

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British newspaper announces the first Zeppelin
raid on London 31-May-1915.
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All in all the German Naval Airship Service made
a total of 159 sorties over Britain killing 557
people and inflicting 7500000 in property
damage.In the end it hardly seemed worth the
effort.
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Poster and Diagram Project

• Draw a PROPAGANDA POSTER. You may choose
  either side to show your support. (Either the
  Alliance or Entente) Choose a topic or event
  which will stir emotions in your chosen country.
  Be sure it causes some kind of negative or
  positive emotions. The poster must then
  influence the peoples ideas about another
  country and the event that took place.

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Diagram

• Create a diagram of TRENCH WARFARE. You must
  show in detail the trenches what they include
  outside of the trenches and weapons used. ( Be
  sure to include any other useful information)
  Then include a detailed description of life in
  the trenches.

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The Russian Revolution

• 1914- Russian Army poorly organized and equipped.
• Czar Nicholas II goes to the front to rally the
  troops.
• 1917- March Revolution- people unhappy-
• Defeats in the war striking workers discontent.
• Soldiers ordered to shoot- join rioters
• Czar -train is stopped abdicates power

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United States Involvement in WWI

• 1914-Since the start of the war the US declared
  neutrality.
• France and Britain spread propaganda in the US
  claiming how Germans were evil and cruel

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1915

• Germans begin sinking cargo merchant ships
• German U-Boats sink the passenger ship Lusitania-
  128 Americans killed
• U.S. upset- hatred of Germany begins
• American banks loaned 1.5 billion to allied
  govts to buy needed supplies from the U.S.

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1917

• Zimmerman telegram intercepted- Germany proposes
  an alliance with Mexico
• April 1917 U.S. Declares war on Germany

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1918

• Russia Withdraws from the war
• Victory seems easy for Germans until the
  Americans arrive
• Americas major contribution is in supplies
• Allies halt the Germans at the battle of the
  Marne becomes the decisive turning point of the
  war

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Peace of Vengeance

• France and Britain created a severe treaty that
  punished Germany
• Germany had to
• Return Alscace-Lorrain region to France
• Keep area near France called Rhineland
  demilitarized
• Pay war reparations of 32 billion dollars
• Agree to war guilt clause

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Woodrow Wilson tried to unite many countries in
the League of Nations - for all practical
purposes it failed.
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President Wilsons Fourteen Points

• No secret treaties
• Peace without Victory
• Free and open trade
• Fair treatment of colonial people
• League of Nations
• ONLY League of Nations was passed-and our
  congress didnt approve it

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The Paris Peace Conference

• Wilson Wanted a peace of Justice
• Treaty of Versailles-became the first steps to
  WWII.
• TEST FRIDAY STUDY!!!

http//sduhsd.k12.ca.us/ click on teachers pages-
Cassaw- WWI notes
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HOW DO I STUDY

• CH. 8 begins on 272 in your text. Look back at
  the section review questions -especially the
  Define and Identify vocab.
• Review the notes on powerpoint
• Study the WWI Packet of hand outs and your
  answers to the questions.
• (the first page of the hand out is titled Europe
  before World War I