HansenName _____________________ World HistoryPeriod _________ World War II Axis Victories 1939-1941 Note-Taking Guide

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Hansen Name _____________________World
History Period _________ World War II Axis
Victories 1939-1941 Note-Taking Guide

• Allied Morale
• Non-Aggression Pact
• Why was this a shock?
• Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but
  they _____________________________________
• Why would the Nazis do it? _______________________
  ______________
• Why would the Soviets do it? _____________________
  _____ _____ _____________________________________
• On ______________________, Poland was invaded
  from the East and the West _______________________
  .
• Invasion of Poland
• Karma - ____________________________________
• Hitler uses Polish Corridor, Danzig as an excuse
  to invade
• What are they? ____________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ________________________
• A 20/20 Look Back to Assess Appeasement
• () Best Minds ________________
  ____________________________

• Hitler Turns West
• France should be Ok because of the
  _____________________.
• Weakness __________________________________-
• __________________- lightening war
• Opposite of ____________________
• Bombers __________________________________________
  ___ ______________________________________________
  _____
• Tanks ____________________________________________
  ___ ______________________________________________
  _____
• France fell in ___________________
• Hitlers Train Car Symbolism? ____________________
  _______ __________________________________________
  _________
• Vichy France _____________________________________
  ___ ______________________________________________
  _____
• One Bright Spot for the Allies -
  __________________________
• A British Army that was stationed in France
  _______________________
• A fleet of army boats, but also ______________,
  picks up and saves the _____________army
• England Stands Alone
• ________________________ out and
  ______________________ in because
  ________________________________________________
• Well, sort of alone

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• Britain Must Hold Out Against A German Invasion
• Britain Must Hold ________________________________
  _
• However, this can only last as long as Britain
  ________________
• The Battle of Britain was a battle for supremacy
  in the ________________ fought between the
  German Air Force (_________________) and the
  British Air Force (___________)
• Battle of Britain Versus the London Blitz
• Hitler gave up on the Battle of Britain
• Shouldnt have because __________________
  _____________________________________
• Turns instead to the London Blitz, in which
  _______________ __________________________________
  _________________
• lucky for England.
• England _______
• Never have so many owed so much to so few.,
  meaning __________________________________________
  ____ _____________________________________________
  _
• ? Hitler Turns East
• Operation ____________________ the invasion of
  __________
• Hitler is hoping for _____________________________
  _________
• My empire will last for ______________________.
  
• Whose biography should Hitler have studied?
• Operation Barbarossa started 129 years
  _______________ after ___________________
  invasion of Russia.
• Three Pronged Assault

• ? The Pacific Theater
• Pearl Harbor
• Why did the Japanese do it? _____________________
  __ ______________________________________________
• Japanese then won a string of victories in the
  Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the
  nearly _______________________
• ? From the Start of the War (Sept. 1939) through
  winter
• 1941, the Axis Have Been (almost) Unstoppable
• Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has
  the time and privacy to start his
  ______________________
• The promised ___________________________ Jews

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Allied Morale/Success
10. Normandy
1. Treaty of Versailles- Germany is punished
High
3. Hitler crushes Poland
WWI Trench Warfare
2. Germany, Japan, and Italy start breaking the
Treaty of Versailles- World Wide Depression
4. Hitler crushes France in less than 3 months
5. London is bombed
6. German General Rommel pushes allies out of all
of North Africa except Egypt
9. American victories in the Pacific, vitory in
North Africa, Italian campaign,
7. Operation Barbarossa
8. Pearl Harbor
8. Russian Winter
Low
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
1945
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Part I. Axis Victories or The Axis Shocks the
World1939-1941
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Lets Review the Axis Challenges to the League

• German Rearmament
• The Rhineland
• The Spanish Civil War/Guernica
• Austria
• Ethiopia
• Manchuria
• The Munich Conference
• Fall of Czechoslovakia
• Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

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Britain and France Drew a Line in the Sand

• Belief that Hitlers next target was Poland
• Britain and France declared that they would fight
  for Poland
• But then an earth shattering event

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Nazi/Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

• Why was this a shock?
• Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but
  they also hated each other.
• Why would the Nazis do it?
• Avoid two front war
• Why would the Soviets do it?
• Aim Hitlers army at the West
• Gain time to prepare (remember purges???)
• On Sept. 1st, 1939, Poland was invaded from the
  East and the West simultaneously.

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The Invasion of Poland

• Invasion of Poland
• Karma Poland had taken a piece of
  Czechoslovakia when it was attacked by Germany
• Hitler used Polish Corridor/Danzig as an excuse
  to invade
• What are they?

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Allied Intervention- France and Britain Declared
War

• A 20/20 Look Back to Assess Appeasement
• () Best minds at the time believed it could be
  effective
• () Britain and France did declare war when they
  themselves had not been attacked
• (-) Phony War Britain and France didnt exactly
  back their attack up no fighting during the
  Polish campaign or for the next 6 months
• An early view of what war in the East meant to
  Hitler
• Lebensraum and annihilation
• Soviets were no better
• Katyn Forest Massacre
• Hitler gambled that the French and British would
  eventually negotiate once Poland had actually
  fallen
• He did not hope for a war against the French and
  British

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• Our strength is our speed and our brutality.
  Genghis Khan chased millions of women and
  children to death, consciously and with a happy
  heart. History sees him only as a great founder
  of states. It is of no concern, what the weak
  Western European civilisation is saying about me.
  I issued the command - and I will have everybody
  executed, who will only utter a single word of
  criticism - that it is not the aim of the war to
  reach particular lines, but to physically
  annihilate the enemy. Therefore I have mobilised
  my Skull Squads, for the time being only in the
  East, with the command to unpityingly and
  mercilessly send men, women and children of
  Polish descent and language to death. This is the
  only way to gain the Lebensraum, which we need.
  Who is still talking today about the extinction
  of the Armenians?"

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Hitler Turns West

• French are OK, though, right?
• Maginot Line

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WEAKNESS!!!

• Ardennes Forest

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Blitzkrieg

• lightning war
• Opposite of trench warfare from WWI
• Bombers create confusion and cut communications
• Tanks cut through the enemy line and go
  straight for the population centers

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Germany Tanks sneak through the Ardennes

• France falls in
• 5 weeks
• Think about WWI for a second

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One Bright Spot in the Fall of France

• The Miracle at Dunkirk
• A British Army that was stationed in France turns
  and runs like hell
• A fleet of army boats, but also pleasure boats,
  picks up and saves the British Army

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Miracle at Dunkirk
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England Stands Alone
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Chamberlain Out/ Churchill In

• Why???

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Well Sort of Alone

• The U.S., under President Franklin Roosevelt
  (FDR) starts the Lend-Lease Program
• Well give you military supplies until you can
  give them back later
• This is an oversimplification, but you get the
  ideatricky ways found by the U.S. president to
  aid the British
• Remember, lots of people in the U.S. still
  support isolationism

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End of Day 1 Lecture
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Britain Must Hold Out Against A German Invasion

• British Navy Must Hold the English Channel
• However, this can only last as long as Britain
  controls the air
• In WWII war, the airplane is supreme
• The Battle of Britain was an air battle fought
  between the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) and the
  British Air Force (the RAF)

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Battle of Britain v London Blitz

• Goal???
• Why Hitler gave up???

• Goal???

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Never have so many owed so much to so few.
In the End, Britain Held
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Hitler Turns Eastwards
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Operation Barbarossa

• Hitler angry!
• Attack from Germany into Russia
• Hitler is hoping for lebensraum and resources
• My empire will last for 1000 years.
• Whose biography should Hitler have studied?
• Operation Barbarossa started 129 years to the day
  after Napoleons invasion of Russia.

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Hitler's Commissar Order to his Generals Before
Operation Barbarossa

• "The war against Russia cannot be fought in
  knightly fashion. The struggle is one of
  ideologies and racial differences and will have
  to be waged with unprecedented, unmerciful, and
  unrelenting hardness. All officers will have to
  get rid of any old fashioned ideas they may have.
  Any German soldier who breaks international law
  will be pardoned.

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The Nazi execution of Soviet civilians kneeling
by the side of a mass grave at Kraigonev, USSR,
following the German invasion of the Soviet
Union. Anyone suspected of being a Communist
official, along with Red Army officers and male
Jews were chosen for execution.
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Surprise!

• On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa advancing
  German forces passed a Russian train bringing
  supplies to Germany. What does this show?
• In the first 24 hours alone, the Russian
  Air-Force was almost entirely destroy and
  hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers taken
  prisoner or killed
• Within a year, Hitlers forces have reached his
  targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad,
  hundreds of miles into the Soviet Union

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Pacific Theater

• Pearl Harbor
• Why did the Japanese do it?
• Japanese then won a string of victories in the
  Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the
  nearly fatal blow to its Pacific Fleet

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Pearl Harbor from a satellite
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From the Start of the War (Sept. 1939) through
winter 1941, the Axis Has Been (almost)
Unstoppable

• Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has
  the time and privacy to start his promised Final
  Solution
• extermination of the Jews