Biodiversity

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Biodiversity
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Which do you like better?
Circa 1910
A
B
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Which do you like better?
Sugar cane
A
B
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What do you think biodiversity means?
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Biodiversity
What does Bio mean?
Life
Bio
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Biodiversity
What does Diversity mean?
Diversity Variety
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• The variety of life in all its forms, levels and
  combinations
• Includes
• ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and
  genetic diversity

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• Scientists have identified more than 2 million
  species. Tens of millions -- remain unknown
• The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made
  possible by complex interactions among all living
  things.

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There are 3 components of biodiversity

1. Diversity of genesChihuahuas, Greyhound and
   Newfies are all dogsbut they're not the same
   because their genes are different.

Chihuahua
Newfoundland
Greyhound
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There are 3 components of biodiversity
Diversity of species.
Hoary Bat
Kahuli
Iwi
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There are 3 components of biodiversity
Variety of ecosystemsEach one is different, with
its own set of species living in it.
Tropical Rain Forest
tiaga
Desert
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Biodiversity has Intrinsic Value
Intrinsic Value Something that has value in and
of itself
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Biodiversity also has Utilitarian Value

• Utilitarian Value the value something has as a
  means to anothers end.

• Utilitarian values include
• Goods
• Services
• Information

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What do we get from biodiversity?

• Oxygen
• Food
• Clean Water
• Medicine
• Aesthetics
• Ideas

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Should we be concerned about biodiversity?

• What we know The Earth is losing species at an
  alarming rate
• Some scientists estimate that as many as 3
  species per hour are going extinct and 20,000
  extinctions occur each year.
• when species of plants and animals go extinct,
  many other species are affected.

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Threats to biodiversity
HIPPO Dilemma

• Habitat Loss
• Introduced Species
• Pollution
• Population Growth
• Over-consumption

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Biodiversity Hotspots
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• Biodiversity
• Collections on Oahu
• Accreditation criteria
• Apply to campus tree collections
• Homework go to a Collection

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• Quiz
• Mammals
• Birds
• Fish
• Insects
• Flowering Plants
• Total of species recorded
• Estimated Total of species in the World

4,675
9,702
23,250
751,000
421,968
1,413,000
10 - 100 million species
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Provide formal documentation of the worlds known
biodiversity (living or dead) Museums, Zoos,
Arboreta, Botanical Gardens, Public and Private
Research Collections
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Foster Botanical Gardens
Kaena Point
Sea Life Park
Wahiawa
Kaneohe
Lyon Arboretum
Kailua
Honolulu
Hawaii Kai
Waikiki
Honolulu Zoo Waikiki Aquarium
Diamond Head
Koko Head
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http//www.co.honolulu.hi.us/parks/hbg/
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• Education
• Research
• Species
• distributions
• Species
• classification
• Conservation and recovery programs

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State Agency or Private Organization
Accreditation Organization
Community Volunteers
BiodiversityCollection
Historical Agreements
Community
Visitor Industry
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B.P. Bishop Museum
Preserved Specimens
Outdoor Circle
Exceptional Trees Program
City of Honolulu
Hanauma Bay
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How are these collections evaluated?
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American Zoo andAquarium Association
Hawaii AZA Accredited Institutions
- Honolulu Zoo - Waikiki Aquarium - Sea Life Park
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Quality living environments
High level of enrichment and care
Involvement in conservation
Active education programs
Aesthetics
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An effort to improve living conditions
Under Construction

New elephant enclosure
6.8 million
6.8 million
New elephant enclosure
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Exhibits for the physical, social, and
psychological well-being?
Behavioral enrichment?
Social Interactions?
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• Encourage foraging by hiding food items
• Man-made termite mound encourages use of tools to
  gather food
• Frozen fruit treats provide entertainment

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Interpretive programs Info on species
conservation.
Breeding programs (ie. rare species)
Participation in field conservation programs
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• Research examining stress factors in Hawaiian
  honeycreepers
• Captive breeding of
• African Hornbills

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Good environmental education?
Info on ? - conservation issues - role of
the institution - contributions to local
conservation - promotion of individual
stewardship
Cooperative programs with institutions of higher
learning?
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• Part of UH since 1919
• School support program
• Adult classes

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Attractive? Well Maintained?
Does Design Functionality?
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The funding for the biodiversity collection has
been cut so severely that it may no longer
possible to maintain all of the individuals. As
curator of the collection how do manage the
situation?
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You are the facilities manager.The director has
some extra funds and wants to expand the
collection instead of adding the backup water
system that was identified in the master plan.
You think the water system is needed to deal with
a recent increase in attendance.
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The new public relations firm has produced some
advertisements that describe the facility as
Wonderful entertainment for the whole family.
Is this the way you would want to advertise the
facility? Why or why not?
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Your responsibility as a new intern is to take
care of the 10 individuals of one species in the
collection. When you arrive one morning, one of
them is dead. You are relatively certain the
death is the direct result of you not following
procedures very carefully.
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• Write a 1-2 page typed Critique of the Medicinal
  Garden near Imiloa using AZA criteria.
• Provide background information
• Make 5 positive observations on this biodiversity
  collection
• Make 5 critical observations on this
  biodiversity collection and suggest specific
  remediation

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