Late Roman Art and Architecture and Constantine and Early Christian Architecture - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Late Roman Art and Architecture and Constantine and Early Christian Architecture

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Domes and vaults used to enclose and roof aisles and apses ... The apse was covered with a dome or half-dome. St. Peter's Basilica ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Late Roman Art and Architecture and Constantine and Early Christian Architecture


1
Late Roman Art and Architecture and Constantine
and Early Christian Architecture
2
The Role of the Emperor
  • The reigns of Diocletian and Constantine marked
    the last great age of Roman architecture.
  • These Emperors used art and architecture to reach
    subjects across the empire who may have felt a
    dwindling connection to Rome

3
Basilica of Constantine
  • Constantine built the Basilica of Constantine,
    the last great Imperial building in Rome.
  • Begun in AD 306 by Maxentius and finished by
    Constantine after 315.
  • Remember, Constantine brought Christianity to the
    empire, making the mark of a basilica appropriate

4
Basilica of Constantine
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Significant points of the Basilica
  • The central nave rose to a height of 100 feet.
  • Contained a 30 foot statue of the emperor himself.

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The Palace of Diocletian
  • Located on the Adriatic coast
  • Constructed on the plan of a Military camp
  • Decorated with Eastern Motifs
  • Design far from the classical style

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Changing times
  • Not only was architecture changing, but classical
    styles of sculpture were slowly disappearing as
    well.
  • Realistic portraits were abandoned and artists no
    longer tried to express a depth or sense of
    reality.
  • Foreshadows art of the Middle Ages

14
  • Christianity becomes widespread and its art and
    ideals are vastly different
  • Abandonment might be linked to Eastern religious
    cults.

15
Early Christian Architecture
  • Religious architecture becomes the most important
    form of building throughout the Christian world.
  • Remains true for more than 12 centuries

16
Early Christian Architecture
  • Constantine associated with two of the most
    famous churches today
  • Saint Peters Basilica in the Vatican rests on
    the remains of a basilica dedicated in 326AD.
  • The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem was
    built in 345AD.

17
Building Types
  • Modified Basilican plan (St. Peters) was based
    on Roman assembly hall. Known also as the long
    plan
  • The central plan based on Greco-Roman tholos
    (circular, polygonal)
  • The mixed plan combined elements of basilican
    and central forms

18
Building materials
  • Concrete, stone and brick
  • Timber used for ceilings, roofs, and doors
  • Plaster and stucco facings dressed the wall
    surfaces
  • Round arches used to frame doorways and windows
  • Domes and vaults used to enclose and roof aisles
    and apses
  • Building stone quarried from Pagan Roman
    buildings

19
Old Saint Peters Basilica
20
Basic Basilica Floor plan
Apse Transept Nave Narthex Atrium Gate
21
Vocabulary
  • Faithful entered into a courtyard called the
    atrium
  • They would then walk through vestibule or
    narthex.
  • The long central rectangular area was the nave
  • The nave was intersected by a transcept.
  • The roof of the transcept was pitched high on
    the walls were the clerestory or windows.
  • The apse was covered with a dome or half-dome

22
St. Peters Basilica
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The Church of the Holy Sepulchre
  • Located in Jerusalem
  • Also employs the basilica style
  • Behind the basilica is a domed structure believed
    to be the location where the body of Christ had
    been buried for three days.
  • Domed structure was an adaptation of existing
    pagan structures in Empire (think Pantheon)

25
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
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Samples in the area
  • St. Pauls Catholic Church (basilica)
  • GP Methodist Church (central)
  • St. Joan of Arc (central)
  • St. Clare (mixed)
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