T%20h%20e%20A%20m%20e%20r%20i%20c%20a%20n%20U%20n%20i%20v%20e%20r%20s%20i%20t%20y%20o%20f%20R%20o%20m%20e%20HST%20201%20-%20Survey%20of%20Western%20Civilization%20I

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T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f
R o m e HST 201 - Survey of Western
Civilization I
Session 15 Polities of the Early Middle Ages A
review The High Middle Ages Its features
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R O M
E
Biz e
500
HRE X
800
I
1000
1400
OE
1918
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The Middle Ages the events
476/565 800 1300
1453/1492 Early MA gt High MA gt
Late MA
1000
The Renaissance of the 12thCentury
Renaissance lt Fall of lt Constantinople End of 100
lt years war Americas lt Reconquista lt of
Spain Battle of lt Lepanto

• gt Constantines division of Empire
• gt Fall of Rome
• gt Justinian
• gt Rise of Islam

Holy Roman Empire Monasteries
Plagues Universities
gtThe building of Western Law
Schism
gtIntercontinental commerce
Romanic architecture
gtGothic architecture age of
cathedrals gtRennaissance of
Greco-Roman art?
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R O M
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Biz e
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HRE X
800
I
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The Byzantine empire

• gt Its start? Technically, the division of the R
  empire Diocletian? Constantine?
• gt The Roman revival of Justinian, with a twist of
  
• Latin in B 527-565
• gt Germanic Lombards conquer the Italy 568
• gt Ascension of emperor Heraclius, fully Greek
  rulers
• Defeats the Persians, captures
  Jerusalem 610-641
• gt Arabs occupy Byzantine territory and attack C
  650-717
• gt Anatolia under B rule 717-750
• gt Iconoclastic movement (in the same vein as
  Islam?
• Against monasteriespolitical as well, against
  
• pretensions of Charlemagne and Leo
  III) 700-850
• gt Palace intrigues and complots strong,
  regulated administration based on control over
  trade, new
• industries strategic position

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• gt Stalemate between Arabs and Byzantium 750-950
• gt Russia converts to orthodoxy 911-989
• gt Successful campaigns against Abbasid rulers
• B reconquers most of Syria 950-1000
• gt Annexation of Greece, Bulgaria and
  Serbia 1015-1025
• gt Schism of the Christian Church (and definite
  distinction
• E vs W importance of B for the W
  overshadowed) 1054
• gt Seljuk Turks (Ottoman) overrun eastern
  Byzantine provinces start of the defensive state
  decline 1071
• gt Reign of Alexius Comnenus (against Normans,
  treaty
• with Turks, Crusade, takes Anatolia but
  independent crusader states 1081-1118
• gt First Crusade, Jerusalem (gt1187) 1095-1099
• gt Fourth Crusade, capture of C by Venice
• the Latin empire 1204-1261
• gt Fall of Constantinople 1453
• gt Trebizond, last capital of the minuscule
  Byzantine empire

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Trebizond
Constantinople
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• gt Sources of stability administration of the
  territories, not succession traditions. Strong
  trade, at least until 11th c. Important
  agricultural base, and in the post-roman period
  presence of a strong base of independent farmers,
  but then they will be part of large estates
  (nobles monasteries).
• gtByzantine religion doctrinal disputes the
  sense of mission of Byzantines monks. The loss
  of territories will reinforce this need for a
  strong religious base. The contact with Islam for
  exampleIconoclastic controversy
• gt Byzantine culture no intellectual freedom in
  universities (in contrast with Europe)
• gt Byzantium and the Western Christian world

Trebizond
Constantinople
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• Spread of Islam
• gt Expulsion of Muhammad from Mecca (Hijrah) 622
• gt Return of Muhammad to Mecca 630
• gt Death of Muhammad 632
• gt Abu-Bakr becomes caliph 632
• gt Umar becomes caliph 634
• gt Arabs occupy Antioch, Damascus and
  Jerusalem 636
• gt Arabs reach Persian capital 637
• gt Arabs invade Egypt and then North Africa
  646-711
• gt Arabs conquer Persian empire 651
• gt Umayyad dynasty 661-750
• gt Sunni-Shiite schism 661
• gt Arabs invade Spain 711
• gt Arabs defeated at Poitiers by Charles Martel
  732
• gt then stopped near Lyons 739
• gt Abbasid dynasty 750
• gt Arabs stopped at Ostia 800

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• Cordoba, Islam, and the cultural hub of Europe

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• The Carolingian empire
• gt The Rise of the Carolingian Empire
  717-814
• gt Charles Martel becomes mayor of the palace 717
• gt The Carolingians (Charles, Pepin and Carloman)
• share power with the Merovingian
  717-751
• gt Charlemagne succeeds Pepin 768
• gt Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman emperor 800
• gt Louis the Pious becomes emperor 813
• gt Charlemagne dies 814
• gt Division of the empire
• How do we interpret the phenomenon of the birth
  of the HRE? Its formation and rapid division?

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7th-9th c.
The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African
World-Systems before the Sixteenth Century,
Philippe Beaujard, Journal of World History, Vol.
16, No. 4, 2005
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1st-3rd c.
The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African
World-Systems before the Sixteenth Century,
Philippe Beaujard, Journal of World History, Vol.
16, No. 4, 2005
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MA
B I C
Short revival with J Gregory I
Birth and strong growth

Creation of the HRE
Muslim Spain Cordoba Legacy?

500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
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• In Europe political systems of the Middle Ages
• gt Society moved from a world of tribes and
  chiefdoms - in which rights of property were
  mainly defined through membership of a kin-group
  - to a society in which lordship over all land
  and men was increasingly assumed by state rulers.
  
• gt A situation typical in an intermediate period
  and normal among the barbarian tribes that were
  settling the old lands of the Roman empire.
• gt The so-called feudal state of the Middle Ages
  was an institution that represented a limited
  territorialization of power, wherein a king's
  ability to govern and rule his kingdom depended
  to a large extent on the cooperation of his
  vassals (p. 65, Elias 1982, 16-17).

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gt This is NOT the situation that Charlemagne
(CtG) will create, but the situation that will
develop from one more event of a partition of an
empire and the evolution of the MA. gt There is
no more striking a demonstration of this process
than the dramatic collapse of the Frankish
kingdom in the early Middle Ages, when the
extended kingdom of Charlemagne disintegrated
into a 'mosaic of autonomous duchies and
principalities. (p.66)
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Feudalismgt Political system? Centralized?
Decentralized?gt Confrontation Monarchy vs.
Nobility?(their different aims and powers)gt
Power relations? Allegiance contractgt Property
system? Special land-tenure system? gt European
system