Progressivism

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Progressivism
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What is a Progressive?

• Someone who works for a change through politics
  and social reform

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Progressive Presidents

• Teddy Roosevelt
• William H. Taft
• Woodrow Wilson

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4 Goals of the Progressives

• 1. Protecting Social Welfare- relieve urban
  problems (YMCA, Salvation Army)

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• 2. Promoting Moral Reform- improve personal
  behavior (18th amendment-Prohibition)
• Anti-Saloon league

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• 3. Creating Economic Reform- Eugene V. Debs
  started the American Socialist Party

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• 4. Fostering Efficiency- scientific management
  tried to increase the efficiency of American
  society
• Ex Henry Fords assembly line

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The Jungle

• Fictional novel by Upton Sinclair exposing the
  conditions in the meatpacking industry in Chicago

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Results

• After reading Upton Sinclairs The Jungle,
  President Roosevelt pushed for the Meat
  Inspection Act
• Pure Food and Drug Act- truth in labeling

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Muckrakers

• Journalists who exposed the muck of business
  and society

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Ida Tarbell

• Exposed the corruption of Rockefellers oil
  company

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Science and Urban Life

• Advances in transportation and communication

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• Opening of Central Park, 1850

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• Wright Brothers 1st Flight

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Educational Reform

• Training grounds for employment and citizenship,
  AND the best way to assimilate the millions of
  immigrants entering the U.S.

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Hull House

• Jane Addams- set up a settlement house in Chicago
  that served the slum areas
• Provided educational, cultural, and social
  services

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Other women reformers

• Carry Nation promoted Prohibition (18th
  amendment)
• Florence Kelley improved women/child labor laws
• Susan B. Anthony led womens suffrage movement

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• 1 out of 5 women worked in 1900 25 worked in
  industry
• 1890 women high school graduates outnumbered men

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• Reforms
• Recall voters can remove public officials by
  holding another election
• Initiative bill originated with the people
  rather than the lawmakers
• Ex Flag issue in GA

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• Referendum vote on an initiative by the citizens
• 17th amendment citizens elect Senators (rather
  than the state congresses)

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Reform of labor laws

• Limit working hours
• workers compensation
• banned child labor
• fire/safety codes

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Efforts to improve living conditions for the poor
in the cities

• Laws were passed that set standards for plumbing
  and ventilation
• Set up sanitation and fire departments

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Dawn of Mass Culture

• More disposable incomeneed more ways to spend
  their money!

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• American leisure at the turn-of the century
• Bicycling
• Tennis
• Hershey, Coca-Cola
• Baseball
• Ragtime music

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• Messenger boys, Milwaukee- 1890

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Tennis
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University of Michigan, 1882
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Tulane baseball team, 1893
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Going to the Show

• Vaudeville

Fay Templeton, star of the 1920s
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Barnum and Bailey
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Silver Screen

• Great Train Robbery, 1903

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Mass Circulation of Newspapers

• Newspapers began using sensational headlines
• Joseph Pulitzer v. William Randolph Hearst
  competed to sell more papers
• Began using sin and scandals to sell papers

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IV. New Ways to Sell Goods

• A. Urban Shopping
• B. Department Stores
• C. Chain Store
• 1. Group of stores under same ownership
• D. New advertising
• 1. Magazines, newspapers, billboards

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Coca-Cola revives and sustains
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Good to the Last Drop

• Delicious and Refreshing

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• E. Mail-Order catalogs
• 1. Brought Dept. store merchandising to farmers
  and residents of small towns
• F. Rural Free Delivery
• 1. started by US Post Office
• 2. System that brought packages directly to
  every home

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Segregation and Discrimination

• Voting Restrictions
• literacy test- must pass a written test to vote
• poll tax- must pay a tax to vote
• grandfather clause- even if a man failed the two
  tests, he could still vote if his father or
  grandfather was eligible before 1867

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• Jim Crow laws- segregation laws in the South
• applied to hospitals, schools, transportation,
  parks
• Why were they implemented?
• To separate white and black people

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Jim Crow
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Jim Crow laws.

• Georgia no colored barber shall cut white
  womens hair
• White baseball teams shall not play within two
  blocks of a playground used by blacks, and vice
  versa
• Books shall not be interchangeable between the
  white and black schools

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NAACP

• W.E.B. DuBois
• National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People, 1909
• Wanted full equality between the races

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• Homer Plessy

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• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)- Supreme Court said
  that segregation of the races was legal and did
  not violate the 14th amendment
• separate but equal

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• Violence- lynchings were common
• Discrimination in the West- Mexican workers and
  Chinese

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Partner Activity Create an Advertisement

• Create a magazine or newspaper advertisement for
  a product that is mentioned in chapter 16,
  section 4.
• Think About
• Who is your audience?
• What is the best way to entice your audience to
  buy the product?
• What is the price and relevant info about your
  product?
• Standards for Evaluation
• Targeted toward a certain audience
• Clearly identifies the product in a memorable way
• Gives the audience reasons to use the product,
  including info about price and how it works
• Uses attractive design features to gain and hold
  viewers attention

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Teddy Roosevelts Presidency
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Background

• Wealthy New York family
• Suffered from asthma- became very active
• Civil Service Comissioner
• New York Chief of Police
• Asst. Secretary of the Navy
• Leader of the Rough Riders in the
  Spanish-American War
• Governor of New York
• McKinleys VP

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• McKinley is assassinated in 1901, and TR becomes
  the youngest president ever at age 43

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Square Deal various progressive reforms in
Roosevelts administration

• believed in a strong federal government

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• -Coal Strike (1902) 140,000 miners went on
  strike.federal government used arbitration
• -Trust Busting
• -RR Regulation Hepburn Act of 1906 strictly
  limited the distribution of free RR passes

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Conservation-protect natural resources

• National Parks Yellowstone, Yosemite, Sequoia

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Civil Rights

• Not a supporter of Civil Rights for African
  Americans