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Progressivism

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Progressivism is often considered the beginning of liberalism in American politics ... National American Women's Suffrage Association under Carrie Chapman Catt ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Progressivism


1
Progressivism
  • Reform in the late 19th-early 20th century

2
Progressivism
  • Dominated US politics from 1890s to 1920s
  • Advocated social reform through government
  • WWI ended progressivism
  • Progressivism is often considered the beginning
    of liberalism in American politics
  • Liberal or progressive
  • Person willing to accept change
  • Conservative
  • Person resistant to change
  • Reactionary wants to undo progress and return to
    some ideal time in past

3
Goals of Progressivism
  • Political reform at all levels of government
  • Reduce the power of business
  • Improve the lives of the poor and underprivileged
  • NOT no concern with rights of minorities

4
Progressivism
  • Some of the areas of interest to progressives
  • Prohibition or temperance
  • End of prostitution
  • End of child labor
  • Political reforms
  • Education
  • Womens suffrage
  • Anti-trust legislation

5
Progressivism
  • Progressivism was not unified movement
  • Lots of individual movements
  • Sometimes goals of one group contradicted goals
    of another group
  • Ex Americanization of immigrants v. immigrant
    controls and restrictions
  • Control of utilities v. gov. ownership of
    utilities

6
Progressivism
  • Who were the progressives?
  • White
  • Urban
  • Middle class
  • Women more than men
  • Protestants more than Catholics, but religious
    mostly

7
Progressivism
  • Muckrakersdrove the movement w/information
  • Reporters in magazines like McClures
  • at right is front of McClures issue, Jan. 1901

8
Progressivism
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Upton Sinclair
  • Wanted to write an expose of life of immigrants
    in Chicago slums
  • Set in meat packing business
  • The Jungle
  • Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food Drug Act
  • I aimed for their hearts, but I hit them in the
    stomach

12
Progressivism
  • Politics
  • Some states had progressive governors
  • Robert Battling Bob LaFollette from Wisconsin

13
Progressivism
  • Settlement Houses
  • Jane Addams
  • Hull House
  • Chicago 1889
  • Run by middle-class women to provide services to
    poor

14
Successes of Movement
  • Political reforms
  • Initiative and referendum adopted in many states
  • Secret Ballot first adopted in Wisconsin as well
    as direct primary elections
  • 16th Amendment passed graduated income tax
  • 17th Amendment - Direct Election of Senators 1913

15
Successes of Movement
  • Women's Rights
  • National American Womens Suffrage Association
    under Carrie Chapman Catt
  • National Womens Party under Alice Paul
  • 19th Amendment in 1919

16
Successes of Movement
  • The first woman elected to Congress Jeannette
    Rankin introduced the bill which became the l9th
    Amendment -- Susan B. Anthony Amendment

17
Successes of Movement
  • Other feminist areas
  • Charlotte Perkins Gilman urged economic
    independence for women
  • Margaret Sangerreproductive rights (birth
    control movement)

18
Progressive Failures
  • Race Relations and Civil Rights
  • Many progressives were racists
  • No significant steps taken to challenge Jim Crow
    laws of south
  • Teddy Roosevelt had Booker T Washington to dinner
    at White House
  • Wilson, born in south, was racist

19
Booker T. Washington
  • "Atlanta Compromise", Washington called for
    education, self-help, and accommodation to
    whites. He believed that by making himself
    economically necessary to white society, the
    black man would eventually gain equal rights and
    respect.

20
W.E.B. DuBois
  • Harvard professor history
  • Helped to found Niagara Movement in 1905
  • opposite to the ideas of Washington
  • the first collective attempt by African-Americans
    to demand full citizen rights in the 20th century
  • NAACP 1909

21
Progressive Presidents
  • Teddy Roosevelt
  • Became president after McKinley assassinated by
    Leon Czolgosz
  • Trustbuster
  • Nations first forrester, Gifford Pinchot

22
Roosevelts Accomplishments
  • Main strengths of progressivism came in areas of
    conservation
  • Got Newlands Reclamation Act passed in 1902 for
    irrigation projects in the West
  • Set aside millions of acres under Forest Reserve
    Act including 85 million acres in Alaska
  • Created 5 new National Parks such as Crater Lake
    in Oregon and Mesa Verde in Colorado
  • Created the first National Monument, Devils
    Tower in Wyoming
  • 51 wildlife sanctuaries created

23
William Howard Taft
  • Hand-picked by TR as his successor
  • fired Gifford Pinchot
  • only American to have served as both president of
    the US and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
  • Stuck in White House bathtub
  • Had large tub installed

24
Taft
  • Taft was also the first president to throw out
    the opening pitch in baseball and created the
    custom of the seventh inning stretch and was
    president when the Titanic went down
  • Teddy Taft had falling out in election of
    1912, Teddy ran against Taft on Bull Moose Party
  • Wilson won when TR split Republican vote

25
Woodrow Wilson
  • Progressive record mainly in business
  • Departments of Labor and of Commerce
  • Federal Reserve Act
  • Federal Trade Commission Act passed in 1914
  • Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
  • Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916)
  • Federal workers comp law
  • 9 hour workday for fed employees 8 hr for RR

26
Progressivism
  • Conclusion
  • Progressives tried to spread themselves too thin
    over too many areas of concern. This confused
    workers and supporters. But progressives
    succeeded in several areas, especially political
    reforms and business reforms. They failed in
    areas like civil rights soundly and all-too-often
    attempted to force upon a multi-cultural society
    values of the white middle class.
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