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Origins of Progressivism

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Title: Origins of Progressivism


1
Origins of Progressivism
2
Reformers wanted to solve the problems brought
on by immigration, industrialization, and
urbanization
  • Lost faith in voluntary reform
  • USE THE POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT!!!

3
Problems exposed in the 1890s
  • Corporate power / disparity of wealth
  • Rebellious working class socialists, anarchists
  • Condition of the cities
  • Political corruption
  • Racism / Prejudice / Jim Crow

4
Muckrakers
  • Exposed and dramatized the need for reform

5
  • Lincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities
  • Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives
  • Ida Tarbell The History of Standard Oil
  • Upton Sinclair The Jungle
  • William Hard Making Steel, Killing Men

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Goals of Progressivism
  • Protect social welfare programs (programs for the
    poor and needy)
  • Promote moral improvement (prohibition)
  • Economic reform (socialism)
  • Efficiency in the workplace (assembly line)

8
Jane Addams
  • Hull House
  • Who benefited most from Hull House?

9
Issues of Female Progressives
  • Exploitation of female workers (and children)
  • Womens suffrage
  • Feminism
  • Temperance
  • Immigration reform?????

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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
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Reforming the workplace
  • Frederick Taylor Scientific management

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Reforms in Government
  • City Councils
  • Reform Mayors
  • Robert La Follette
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette
    2C_Sr.

24
States begin to regulate more industries
  • Muller v. Oregon and Bunting v. Oregon
  • Workmans compensation

25
Increasing power of the citizens
  • Initiative/referendum
  • Recall
  • 17th Amendment
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election

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Roles of Women
  • Rural Areas Farm work
  • Cities
  • Domestics (servants)
  • Factory work
  • Clerical (white collar) work
  • Teachers, bookkeepers, stenographers

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As businesses expanded new jobs opened to women
which required more education
  • l

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Upper Class Women
  • Time to get involved in reform movements
  • Womens colleges
  • Decline in marriage

33
Attempts to gain suffrage
  • State legislatures
  • Court challenges
  • Constitutional Amendment

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Roosevelts Square Deal
  • 1901 McKinley is assassinated
  • Teddy Roosevelt becomes youngest President (42)

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Square Deal
  • Progressive reforms proposed by Roosevelt
    administration

38
Increased power of the Presidency
  • 1902 Coal Strike
  • trust busting
  • Railroad regulation

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Legislation protecting citizens and the
environment
  • Meat Inspection Act
  • Pure Food and Drug Act
  • National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
  • http//www.cfsan.fda.gov/dms/dalbook.htmlintro

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Civil Rights
  • Little progress

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Progressivism under Taft
  • Although eligible, TR had vowed not to run for
    re-election in 1908
  • TR selects and supports William Howard Taft

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Tafts troubles in office
  • Angered Progressives by signing Payne-Aldrich
    Tariff
  • Allowed public lands in west to be sold to
    private interests
  • Fired Gifford Pinchot
  • Republican Party splits conservatives vs.
    progressives
  • Democrats gain control of House in 1910

52
Election of 1912
  • Taft nominated by Republicans
  • Wilson by Democrats
  • Eugene Debs by Socialists
  • TR by progressives Bull Moose Party

53
Platform of Bull Moose Party
  • Direct election of Senators
  • Initiative, referendum, recall
  • Womens suffrage
  • Minimum wage for women
  • Outlaw child labor
  • FTC to regulate business

54
Wilson wins with only 42 of popular vote
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Wilsons New Freedom
  • Woodrow Wilson
  • Raised in the South prejudiced?
  • President of Princeton U.
  • Plan The New Freedom
  • Destroy trusts
  • Lower tariffs
  • Control lending

57
Wilsons Accomplishments
  • Clayton Anti-trust Act
  • Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
  • Underwood Tariff of 1913
  • 16th Amendment graduated income tax
  • Federal Reserve System
  • 19th Amendment womens suffrage?

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Wilsons Failures
  • Opposed child labor laws
  • Expanded racial segregation

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