Air Toxics in Mexico City some research activities

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Air Toxics in Mexico Citysome research
activities

• Adrián Fernández Bremauntz
• Instituto Nacional de Ecología
• MIT AIR QUALITY SYMPOSIUM ON AIR TOXICS
• Endicott House
• August 4-5, 2004

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What is INE?www.ine.gob.mx

• National Ecology Institute
• Serves as a think tank (?) for the Secretary
  for the Environment
• Coordinates, promotes and funds applied
  environmental research in México
• 1 G.D. Natural resources, conservation and
  biodiversity
• 2 G.D. Environmental economics and policies
• 3 G.D. Center for Env. Training and Research
  (CENICA)
• 4 G.D. Urban Regional and Global Pollution

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Outline

• VOC Emissions from Mobile Sources
• Ambient levels of VOCs
• Indoor, outdoor and personal exposures
• Commuters exposure studies
• Forthcoming BRT study
• A final word on Mercury

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VOCs Emissions (INEs inventory for the year 2000)
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Toxic Emissions from Autos in MCMA Schifter et
al, 2000

• Dynamometer testing at IMP on 50 vehicles
• Taxis and older private vehicles appear to be
  the largest emitters of air toxics

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National Centre for Environmental Training and
Research (CENICA)
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Ambient concentrations of 13 VOCs inSE Mexico
City (CENICA station)
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Communication strategies of Co-Benefit Study-2003

• Media workshop
• Objectives
• Educate the media on basic concepts of air
  pollution, health effects and climate change and
  transportations influence Including AIR TOXICS
• Present recommendations for improving the
  transportation systems impact on air pollution
  and climate change including the results from
  Co-Benefits Phase I
• Decision makers meeting
• Objectives
• Present the results from Co-Benefits Study - 2003
• Promote solutions to minimize transportations
  effect on air pollution and climate change

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VOC exposures in MCMASerrano et al., 2004

• VOC 24-hour measurements (1998 99)
• Indoors inside the home
• Outdoor outside the home and fixed site station
• Personal exposures
• 34 VOCs
• 30 families w/ 90 subjects
• Subject selection based on daily activities
• long commutes
• outside the home activities with short commutes
• at home or near the home activities

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Outdoor Home, Indoor Home and Personal Exposures
in µg/m3
Factor analysis to determine main sources
Mobile
Secondary
Building Materials Consumer Products
Solvents
Water
Other
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VOC Exposures Results(Serrano et al, 2004)

• OUT concentrations were good surrogates for IN
  levels
• Personal exposures were about 1.7 times gt than
  OUT IN
• Differences most likely related to individuals
  close to vehicular sources
• Styrene, toluene and 1,3-butadiene
• Significant IN sources smoke, insulation,
  consumer products, paints, etc.
• Benzene exposures were similar to TEAM studies in
  NJ and CA (80s) and from West Germany (90s)
  (6-10 µg/m3)

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Ambient CO concentrations in 1991 and 2002
(Gomez Perales et al, 2004)
1993 3-w Catalytic converters, 1997 VRS, 1999
Tier I
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Average morning exposures to PM2.5, benzene and
CO in buses, minibuses and the metroGomez
Perales et al, 2004

• Benzene PM2.5 CO
• (ppb) (µg/m3) (ppm)
• Minibus 8 83 18
• Bus 6 75 13
• Metro 4 56 8

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In-vehicle levels of benzeneby transport mode
(Nishihara et al, 2004)
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Trip duration by route and transportation mode in
the 1991 and 2002 studies (Nishihara et al, 2004)
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Analysis of Mexico Citys Bus Rapid Transit
System ProjectHeath benefits from a reduced
exposure

• Compare commuters exposure to air pollutants
  before and after the construction of the BRT
  system in a single commuting corridor (30 km
  length 300 thousand commuters/day)
• 22-seater non-catalyst minibuses will be replaced
  by modern bi-articulated diesel buses
• In-vehicle measurements of PM2.5, PM10, CO,
  Benzene
• Health benefits expected due to 2 factors
  increase in travel speed (exposure time) and
  lower in-vehicle pollution levels (exposure dose)
  
• Funded by EPA/FUMEC, WRI, EMBARQ/CTS, and INE
• Potential future collaboration with HEI and
  others Hot Spots, commutersexposure and
  Mexico-US border crossings (JDS work)

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MIT team 2003 field measurement campaign
inMexico City (See Chuck Kolb talk later today)
Slide Chuck, Mario and Luisa
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(No Transcript)
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Work on Mercury under the CEC

• NAFTA CEC Canada, México, USA
• Resolution 95-5 on cooperation to achieve
  environmentally Sound Management of Chemicals
  (SMOC)
• North American Regional Action Plans (NARAPs) for
  selected Persistent Organic Pollutants
• PCBs (1996)
• DDT (1997)
• Chlordane (1997)
• Mercury (phase I, 1997 phase II 2000)
• Dioxins, Furans, HCB (1999)
• Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (1999)
• Copies of NARAPs at CEC website www.cec.org

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For further information

• Website
• http//www.ine.gob.mx
• Email
• afernand_at_ine.gob.mx
• Thank you!