University of Florida Police Department

1
University of Florida Police Department

• Chief Linda J. Stump
• Lt. Stacy Ettel

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UFPD - 2007

• 41,094 calls for service
• 3,326 generated reports
• 892 arrests
• 58,500 point-to-point SNAP Escorts
  (approximately)
• 705 RAD (Rape Aggression Defense Training)
• Personnel/Divisions
• Criminal Investigations Division
• Community Services Division
• Training Division
• Patrol Division
• 11 CIT Officers (Crisis Intervention Team)
• 12 CIRT Officers (Critical Incident Response
  Team)

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This Presentation Will Review

• Overview and Mission of UFPD
• Use of force guidelines for law enforcement
  officers in Florida
• Less than lethal response options available to
  officers at UFPD
• Application of guidelines
• Revisions to policy regarding Taser use
• Review/Enhancement of Protocol for event
  management

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Mission

• The mission of the University of Florida Police
  Department is to preserve a safe, secure campus
  environment where diverse social, cultural and
  academic values are allowed to develop and
  prosper through a combination of reactive,
  proactive and education law enforcement services.

Vision

• The vision of the University of Florida Police
  Department is to be the national model in the
  field of campus law enforcement through the
  selection and development of the highest caliber
  personnel and by providing innovative police
  services.

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Values

• Justice All department members are committed to
  the administration of law and order based on the
  constitutional idea of justice for all where
  every citizen will be treated with dignity,
  fairness and respect.
• Professionalism All department members will
  display attitudes, actions and behaviors that
  result in serving the highest interests of the
  campus community above their own.
• Trust All department members will conduct
  themselves in a manner worthy of the confidence
  of the university community by exercising wisdom,
  compassion and commitment to honesty and justice.
• Service As members of a law enforcement agency,
  we recognize that we are servants of the public.
  As such, we are duty bound to the highest level
  of community service in the protection of life
  and property.
• Integrity All department members are expected to
  espouse the highest moral standards, always
  conducting themselves in a manner that is fair,
  ethical, legal and that portrays a sense of duty
  and honor.

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Statutory Guidelines

• UFPD adheres to guidelines set forth by Florida
  State Statutes
• Fla. Stat. 776.05 Use of force to effect a
  lawful arrest
• Fla. Stat. 943.1717 Use of dart-firing stun
  guns

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UFPD Use of Force Training

• Police Academy Training 140 hours
• UFPD Training for New Hires 20 hours
• UFPD Annual In-Service Training 23 hours

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Florida Statute 776.05 Law enforcement
officers use of force in making an arrest

• A law enforcement officer . . . need not retreat
  or desist from efforts to make a lawful arrest
  because of resistance or threatened resistance to
  the arrest. The officer is justified in the use
  of any force
• (1)  Which he or she reasonably believes to be
  necessary to defend himself or herself or another
  from bodily harm while making the arrest

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Florida Statute 943.1717 Use of dart-firing
stun guns

• 1)  A decision by a law enforcement officer . . .
  to use a dart-firing stun gun must involve an
  arrest or a custodial situation during which the
  person who is the subject of the arrest or
  custody escalates resistance to the officer from
  passive physical resistance to active physical
  resistance and the person
• (a)  Has the apparent ability to physically
  threaten the officer or others or
• (b)  Is preparing or attempting to flee or
  escape.

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RECOMMENDED RESPONSE TO RESISTANCE MATRIX
FDLE
CJSTC
6 Aggravated Physical
RESISTANCE LEVELS
5 Aggressive Physical
4 Active Physical
3 Passive Physical
2 Verbal
1 Presence
Verbal Direction
Touch
Interview Stance
Arrival
Dialogue
Pain Compliance
Restraint Devices
Intermediate Weapons
Take Downs
Deadly Force
Transporters
Counter Moves
Incapacitation
Officer Presence
Communication
Physical Control
Intermediate Weapons
Incapacitating Control
Deadly Force
RESPONSE LEVELS
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Resistance Definitions

• Presence - A subject is on the scene.
• Verbal - A subject verbally refuses to comply
  with your requests or tries to control the
  situation.
• Passive Physical A subject makes no attempt to
  physically defeat your actions but forces you to
  use physical maneuvers to establish control.
• Active Physical - The subject may brace or tense
  himself or herself, try to push or pull away, or
  not let you come close.
• Aggressive Physical - A subject makes overt,
  hostile, attacking movements that may cause
  injury. However, they are not likely to cause
  death or great bodily harm to you or others.
• Aggravated Physical - A subject makes overt,
  hostile, attacking movements, with or without a
  weapon. The person has the intent and apparent
  ability to cause death or great bodily harm to
  you or others.

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Response Definitions

• Officer presence - Officer adopts a stance at a
  safe distance from the subject.
• Communication - Officer conducts a two-way,
  controlled, unemotional communication with the
  subject using verbal direction, and if necessary,
  a soft assisting touch to comfort, console, or
  gain a subjects attention.
• Physical Control Officer uses restraint devices
  (handcuffs), physical techniques used by the
  officer to control, move, and or take-down a
  subject, the infliction of controlled pain upon
  specific points of the subjects body such as
  pressure points, and countermoves that impede a
  subjects movement toward the officer or another
  person.

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Response Definitions

• Intermediate Weapons Officer uses less than
  lethal weapons to control a subject.
• Incapacitating Control Officer uses that level
  of force necessary to stun or render a subject
  temporarily unconscious or unable to continue to
  resist.
• Deadly Force Officer uses a level of force that
  may result in death, great bodily harm, or
  permanent disfigurement, including strikes to the
  head with an impact weapon or use of a firearm.

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Resistance vs. Response

• Presence
• Verbal
• Passive Physical
• Active Physical
• Aggressive Physical
• Aggravated Physical

• Officer Presence
• Communication
• Physical Control
• Intermediate Weapons
• Incapacitating Control
• Deadly Force

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Historical Intermediate Response to aggression

• Prior to the Taser, intermediate tools functioned
  by causing pain or temporary destructive injury
  (ie. Baton, Pepper Spray, etc.). The intention
  was that the pain or the bodily injury will
  dissuade the subject from continuing an unwanted
  behavior and elicit cooperation.

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UFPD Less than LethalResponse Options

• Hand to Hand Defensive Tactics
• Intermediate tools
• Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray
• Expandable Baton
• X26 and M26 TASER

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Hand to Hand Defensive Tactics

• Officer and subject must be in close proximity.
• Tactics rely on pain compliance, joint
  manipulation, and stunning strikes.
• Effectiveness of tactics are dependent on officer
  and subject size comparison and physical ability
  and training of both.
• Officers and subjects have increased likelihood
  to injury during struggle.

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Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray

• Effective range 3-10 feet.
• Must get into subjects eyes to be effective.
• Relies on pain compliance and temporary blinding
  of the subject.
• Pain lasts 45 minutes or more.
• Likelihood of unintentional contamination of
  others.
• Can be defeated by subject mindset.

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Expandable Baton

• UFPD deploys a 25 inch Monadnock Steel Expandable
  Baton.
• Must be in close proximity of subject.
• Relies on pain compliance or incapacitation.
• Will cause soft tissue injury.
• Can cause broken bones and can be used as a
  lethal force option.

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TASER Dart Firing

• Relies on Neuromuscular Incapacitation (NMI) of a
  subjects sensory and motor nerves.
• Effective range is 0 to 21 feet.
• Cannot be defeated by subject pain tolerance or
  mindset.
• Cycle lasts 5 seconds per deployment and can be
  deployed multiple times if necessary.
• Subject recovery is almost instantaneous.
• Most common injuries include abrasions or bruises
  from falling after incapacitation.

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TASER - Drive Stun/Pain Compliance

• Utilized in close proximity with suspect.
• Can be done with or without the dart firing
  cartridge (in a secondary capacity).
• Often used in struggle to secure suspect in
  handcuffs or to stop an attack.
• Injuries can include small superficial burns from
  contact points.

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UFPD Taser Policy

• The Taser may be used to control a dangerous or
  violent subject when deadly physical force does
  not appear to be justified and/or necessary and
  to prevent a subject from harming himself or
  herself.

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History of Taser Use by UFPD Officers Past 6 years

• Total times deployed 20 (7 students/13
  non-students)
• Using darts 6/20 (2 students (suicide
  attempts/both w/weapons))
• Using Drive Stun 14/20 (5 students/9
  non-students)
• Subject Actively Resisting 15/20
• Subject Fighting 8/20
• Weapons 3/20 (3 students)
• Subject Suicidal 2/20 (with knife, both
  students)
• Subject under influence of drugs/alcohol 12/20
  (3 students)
• Subject exhibited signs of Excited Delirium
  1/20
• Injuries - 0/20

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UFPD Taser Incidents Synopsis There have been 20
Taser discharges by UFPD officers since Tasers
were first issued in 2001 until now.
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12,000 DepartmentsIncluding 256 CampusLaw
Enforcement Departments Deploy 287,000
TasersNationwide
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Major University Police Departmentsthat Deploy
the Taser

• Arizona State Univ. (1997)
• Ball State Univ.
• California State Univ. (2001)
• Colorado State Univ.
• Duke Univ.
• Indiana Univ.
• Iowa State Univ. (1998)
• Michigan State Univ.
• New Mexico Univ.
• North Carolina State Univ.(2004)
• Ohio State Univ.
• Purdue Univ. (Process)
• San Diego State Univ.
• Southern Illinois Univ.
• Univ. of Arizona (1993)
• Univ. of California, Davis

• Univ. of California, Irvine
• Univ. of California, LA
• Univ. of California, San Diego
• Univ. of Colorado
• Univ. of Florida (1996)
• Univ. of Illinois, Champaign
• Univ. of Iowa
• Univ. of Minnesota
• Univ. of North Carolina (1995)
• Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas
• Univ. of Oklahoma
• Univ. of South Carolina (1996)
• Univ. of Tennessee
• Univ. of Texas, Austin (2007)
• Univ. of Washington (2005)
• Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison

Association of American Universities
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Florida University Police Departmentsthat deploy
the Taser

• Florida Atlantic University
• Florida Gulf Coast University
• Florida State University (CFA 2002)
• University of Central Florida
• University of Florida (CALEA 1996CFA 1997)
• University of Miami
• University of West Florida

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UFPD position on the viability of Tasers

• The Taser, when used according to FDLE
  guidelines, Florida Statutes and UFPD policy, is
  a safe and effective option that minimizes the
  possibility of injury or death to all involved
  when the use of intermediate weapons is warranted.

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Pre-Event Planning

• Established formal training for
• UFPD employees
• Event staff
• Sponsoring organizations staff
• Deans office staff
• Emphasis on planning meetings
• All groups involved must meet prior to events
• On-site roll call training
• Staff assignments
• Building logistics
• Direct communication with facility staff

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Review/Enhancement of Protocol for event
management
Arrest for disruption Escort out Remind Event
leader of opportunities to end event Request
leave Give warning Request compliance with event
rules
UFPD
UF Administration (Office of the Dean of
Students, Moderator)
Request Law Enforcement intervention End
presentation Give warning Request compliance
Ushers/Supervisors (students, event staff)
Request compliance with established
rules Remind/warn of rules
options