New The Demand Response DR Project at BWRC, funded by the California Energy Commission CEC

1
New!! The Demand Response (DR) Project at BWRC,
funded by the California Energy Commission (CEC)

• The DailyCal Headline
• Just like your old-school phone usage, the CEC
  wants you to use electricity in the evening and
  weekends -- rather than at peak times on hot,
  sunny afternoons at 3.30pm in September!

2
What do you have today in your apartment
(residential homes)?

• When you go home, look out in your driveway at
  the large casting with a glass front and rotating
  wheel.
• In California, today, residences have inflexible
  meters. The cost of your power never varies no
  matter what time of day it is. Just to
  re-emphasize this Demand Response (DR) project
  focuses on residential homes
• No financial incentive whatsoever, to run your AC
  or do your laundry, dishwashing, pool-heating, at
  off-peak-times (but note the 2000/1 customer
  awareness programs did reduce consumption by 14
  at that time)

3
From Ron Hofmann and Arthur Rosenfeld
4
The rules meant that the power companies could
not pass on (at that time) these soaring prices
to us as consumers (but they get us in the end).
One Year 8760 hrs
5

Starting 2001, during the California Electricity
Crisis

• California Legislature authorized 32 million
  for 15-minute interval meters
• 23,000 meters for industries with loads gt200kW
• 5,000 industrial/commercial customers gt500 kW
  already on Time-of-Use (TOU) rates
• So 18,000 new customers, many new to TOU, now
  cover 1/3 of Californias peak load
• DR aims to spread this idea to all CA homes

6
Where Californias CEC wants to be

• With the following collaborations..
• CEC, Ron Hofmann, Gaymond Yee, Arthur Rosenfeld
• Building Control, Ed Arens and Cliff Federspiel
• BWRC, Jan Rabaey and Bob Brodersen
• TinyOS, David Culler
• Sensors, Dick White
• Energy Scavenging and System Packaging, Paul
  Wright
• CITRIS, Tom Kalil Gary Baldwin Jim Demmel Ruzena
  Bajcsy
• And of course many talented students from
  Berkeleygtgt
• We are aiming the following scenario(s) gtgtgt

7
General Wireless Scenario1. A New Style
Thermostat (and/or TouchPad) receives information
from PGE. It can display cost and demand. Then
users can adjust their usage profile on AC and
appliances. 2. A New Style Meter will convey
usage/charge back to PGE 3. TempNodes for
fine grained control.
8
Specific Prototype Deliverables

• 50 NewMeter
• 30 NewThermostat
• 10 TempNode (remote nodes)
• ButAs Eric Brewer noted last night, the key
  success in new deployments is the Co-design of
  Devices and Infrastructure

9
Ed Arens GUI Displays past, present and
near-future cost of a kWhUsers program in their
desired comfort levels, but balanced against how
much money they are prepared to spend. The system
automatically adjusts usage as prices fluctuate.
10
A New Style Thermostat (or TouchPad) receives
information from PGE gtgtgtgtdisplays cost and
demand
Remote PicoNode monitors the Draw from the Washer
and Dryer
Remote PicoNodes have an LED indicator for
Best Usage Time
11
Ask anyone in this room for a solution and you
might get this
Outdoor Sensors
Indoor Sensors
Power
Wattmeters, Switches,Action-suggesting alerts
and displays
Meter
Sun control, blinds, Lighting dimmers
(The Internet)..Electrical UtilityGrid
OperatorWeather Serviceetc.
Panel
Appliances
User Interface
Refrigerator
wi fi
Heat Pump
Smart Ventilator
DSL or Cable
Air Conditioner
Router
Pool Pump
Hot Water Heater
12
But to permeate all homes and all users
throughout the State We need a range of
solutions that include non-tech users
The New Yorker
I dont care if everyone else is getting
one!! We are not buying a refrigerator with a
learning curve
13
Social Equity and Super Low-Cost Constraints

• DR constraints
• Social Equity Access to all Californians over
  the next 5 years (2008)
• 10x cheaper than today 10x more efficient gt10yr
  life
• 50 NewMeter/30 NewThermostat/10 TempNode
• The approximate cost of semiconductor
  manufacturing today gives an integrated
  approximate cost-estimation method that 1 sq.
  mm. Silicon 10cents. In 2004/5 PicoRadio will
  therefore cost about 10, plus another 10 for
  the capacitor etc. By 2008, costs will reduce as
  research naturally evolves towards CMOS and
  MEMS-based systems.

14
Server Side
Client Side
Bridge
Downlink
RF, Broadband, dsl, phone line
Energy Sensor
Gateway in
Plugs
RF, Broadband, dsl, phone line
Verbal
Temp. Sensor
Gateway out
Thermostat
Uplink
Display (s)
Serving and/or Routing
Actuator (s)
Physical Module, Self Diagnosis, Security Codes
Starting the project with both a general
architecture above Supported by focused
demonstrations on emerging technology...
15
What are other DR related projects?

• Of course many other large projects have tried to
  minimize usage through TOU, CPP and DR.
• Some commercial applications in CA
• Georgia Power
• Gulf Power
• Most European countries!

16
Measured Hourly Average A/C Loads - at Sacramento
MUD Office
Bldg
.
Curtailment
Setpoint
4
Degrees
(1 to 5 PM) Dimmed Lights
Baseline
IMPACTS / 1000
sf

Avg
. kW (1-5PM) 1.0,
30 of Baseline a-c
Curtailment
Load (kW/1000 Square)
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Hour
Source Ed
Hamzawi
, SMUD, Oct. 20, 2000
17
Example Gulf Power GoodCents Select Tariff 2000
homes in Pensacola FL

• Reduced need during critical or near critical
  periods (emergencies -- present or expected --,
  very high prices)
• Summer Peak Load Reductions of 2.1 kW per house
  (1st hour)
• Winter Peak Load Reduction of 2.7 kW per house
  (1st hour)
• 96 Customer Satisfaction Rating
• Cost savings, greater control and better
  information
• Improved competitive position of Gulf Power in
  wholesale markets

From Ron Hofmann and Arthur Rosenfeld
18
(No Transcript)
19
Gulf Power Residential July 2002
20
Gulf Power SELECT
The SuperStat
Communications Gateway
Customer control center enables customers to
program home equipment to fit lifestyle and
desired comfort level.
Facilitates communication between system
components, records energy usage and
communicates this information to Gulf.
21
5 Topics of Focused Demos. for CEC project
4b
1.
5.
2.
3.
4a
22
1. PicoRadio Project Status Brian Otis slides
Super-regenerative Rx
FBAR-based low power oscillator
Test board transceiver
Transmit Beacon
Summer 03
Feb 03
Dec 01
Dec 02
Sep 02
Dec 02
May 03
TX chain / RX test components
Analog BB Detection
2-Channel Prototype Transceiver
23
Topic 2. Running without batteries A prototype
wireless beacon with solar power

• Demonstrate Solar Vibrational energy scavenging
• Push integration limits - limited by dimensions
  of solar cell

With Shad Roundy, Brian Otis PicoRadio Designs by
Dan Odell, Mike Montero
Back
Front
Front
antenna
solar cell
regulator
cap
Tx COB
24
Topic 2 Running without batteries Piezoelectric
Bimorphs With Shad Roundy, Elizabeth Reilly, Dan
Steingart
25
Topic 3 Sensor Nets Sensors TinyOSv0.6.1/
Mica Mote (Nate Ota)

• Mica Mote
• 6X6 usable Output/ADC
• mW 3V mA
• 916 MHz radio
• Single channel
• 40 kbps transmission rate
• TinyOSv0.6.1
• Event based
• Composed of modules
• non-blocking
• CSMA
• Active Messages
• 36 byte packets
• SerialForwarder
• BcastInject

Source Culler et al.
26
Test Network Etchnet

• 2nd floor limited
• 4500 sq. ft (corridors)
• Industrial environment
• Configurations
• 13 node serial n 1
• 25 node n 2

27
Test Network Etchnet
28
Etchnet QoS
(These motes hang from ceiling)
Head Level
Waist Level
Floor Level
29
Etchnet Roundtrip Time Network Comparison
RTT N2
RTT N1
30
Etchnet QoS
31
Our own workspace

• 2111 Etcheverry
• One Door
• One Window
• (West Facing)
• Nine Occupants
• 10 Motes/Nodes
• But only one thermostat!

32
Thermal Analysis

• Live Web View of Temperatures
• Updated Every 10 seconds
• Maximum Differential Within Room
• Database Stores Temperature History

33
The NewThermostat (and/or TouchPad) receives
information from PGE displaying cost and
demand. The NewMeter is the bridge.
NewTempNodes are the fine-grained monitoring of
a house.

• Key Demo Nuggets in mid-September
• NewTempNode (demoed at BWRC)PicoRadio Energy
  Scavenging Temp. Sensor
• NewThermostat (demoed on Etchnet)COTS oriented
  Culler/Pister motes Ed Arens UI,
  Temperature, occupancy, appliance
  actuators/displays
• NewMeter (demoed at BSAC) Gateway in/out with
  COTS radio, VIquality measurement

34
Next Steps and Ending Summary

• Action items desired from you ?
• Our regular meetings are Mon at Noon, Tues. 2pm
• Please come (pwright_at_me.berkeley.edu).
• Supply pointers to previous work and devices
  (pags_at_kingkong.me.berkeley.edu)
• Criticize our directions, add other technologies
• Look at other Research Opportunity Notices
• http//ciee.ucop.edu/dretd/
• Action items required of me/us ?
• Carefully define our demos over the summer for
  9/15
• But also integrate wide variety of potential
  solutions
• Focus on integration of gadgets with
  infrastructure

35
2nd Quarter Deliverable System Design Options
9/03
Temp Nodes
MicaMote
PicoNodes
Interface
September 03 Demo New Thermostat
Control Implement
FDM Packaging of Thermostat
Energy Source
PicoRadio3 Agilent FBAR resonator OS
Scavenging Vibration/Solar