Gunpowder treason and plot

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Gunpowder treason and plot
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England at the time of Elizabeth I
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The queens and kings of England

• Mary Tudor 1553-1558,
• aka Bloody Mary

• She was a Catholic and her husband was the king
  of Spain.
• During her reign, Protestants were persecuted
  some were imprisoned, tortured, hanged or burnt
  to death.

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English Protestants
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The queens and kings of England

• Elizabeth I 1558-1603

• She was a Protestant queen. Now it was the turn
  of Catholics to suffer.
• The Catholic mass was forbidden and people were
  fined if they did not attend Protestant services.
• Catholics who disobeyed the Law could be jailed
  or executed for treason.

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The queens and kings of England

• James I 1603-1625

• As soon as he came to power, there were attempts
  to murder him.
• King James was a devout Protestant with no time
  for Catholic or Puritan ideas.
• He was a very intelligent but unpopular king.

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Catholic recusants réfractaires

• It was a crime to hear or to say Catholic prayers
  or masses.

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Catholic recusants

• The Kings soldiers would even enter private
  homes to harass or arrest Catholics.

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Catholic recusants
Churches were destroyed, and valuable objects
taken.
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Catholics and Protestants in Europe
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Who was he?

• Guy Fawkes was a devout Catholic.

• In his 20s Guy left England to join the king of
  Spains army in the Netherlands.

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Guy Fawkess life
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A soldier of fortune

• When the Spanish attacked fortified towns they
  used cannons and gunpowder to break down the
  walls. Guy Fawkes soon became an expert soldier,
  especially at manipulating gunpowder.

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A secret mission

• But Guy or Guido as he was then called never
  forgot his Catholic friends in England.

• One of his Catholic friends came to visit him in
  the Netherlands.
• This friend Thomas Wintour told Guido about a
  plot to assassinate king James I.
• Guy knew many of the other plotters as he had
  been to school with them.
• Guido finally returned to England to join the
  conspiracy.

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The plotters
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• There were 13 plotters in all.

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The Conspiracy

• The plot was to blow up the king, the members of
  his Parliament and the Lords.

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The Plan

• They rented a house near Parliament Hall and
  stocked the gunpowder in the cellars.

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The Plan

• They rowed the gunpowder barrels across the
  Thames River at night.

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The tunnel in the cellar

• they dug a tunnel from their house cellar to
  the cellars under Parliament House.

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All set

• Once everything was ready, Guido would light the
  fuse to blow up the barrels.

• The plotters waited for the King to open
  Parliament to give Guido his orders.

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The mysterious letter

• But there was a traitor in the group.

• An anonymous letter warned the King that a plot
  to assassinate him was underway.

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The plotters were stopped

• Guy Fawkes was arrested by the Kings guards just
  as he was ready to light the gunpowder barrels.

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Guy Fawkes was arrested

• Guy was taken before the King but refused to talk.

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Guy Fawkes was tortured

• Guy Fawkes was brutally tortured for 4 days...

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He finally cracked up

• Guy Fawkes was brutally torured for 4 days ...

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And signed a confession
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And signed a confession

• His tortures had been so extreme that he could
  hardly sign his confession.

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Public execution

• The other plotters were either arrested or
  killed. The survivors were sentenced to death
  with Guy Fawkes.

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Public execution

• Executions were public in order to set a
  terrifying example for any would-be terrorists.

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Public execution
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Public execution
The terrorists heads were stuck onto pikes and
displayed on London Bridge.

• That was how the King made sure his people would
  learn the lesson.

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How the English reacted
Remember! Remember!

• On the night of November the 5th, the Kings
  supporters celebrated the failure of the
  Gunpowder Plot.

• They lit bonfires and made a model of Guy. Then
  they threw this dummy into the flames!

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A penny for the guy!
Remember! Remember!

• Ever since, children have been going from door
  to door asking for money to make a dummy of Guy
  and to buy fireworks.

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Bonfire Night today
Remember! Remember!

• Then they make huge bonfires and put the Guy on
  top of the fire.

• The air is filled with smoke, flashes and
  flames.
• You can hear fireworks exploding too.
• This reminds people what would have happened if
  Guy Fawkes had not been found!

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They chant around the fires a very old rhyme
Remember! Remember!

• "Remember, remember,
  The 5th of
  November
  Is gunpowder treason and
  plot.
• I see no reason,
• Why gunpowder treason
  Should ever
  be forgot."
• 
  

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Opening Parliament today
Remember! Remember!

• Before any monarch can open Parliament
  tradition asks that special security checks are
  made

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Opening Parliament today

• Yeomen of the Guard hallebardiers de la
  garde royale search the cellars of the Houses of
  Parliament before the Queen opens Parliament.
• But the ceremony is kept secret!