Which one does bacteria belong to?

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What is the difference between a prokaryote and a
eukaryote?

• Which one does bacteria belong to?
• Which term do the animal and plant cells fall in?

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WARM-UP 8 Cell Theory Video
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKuJqqiATlqwfeature
related

• Who are the contributing scientists and what did
  they contribute for the Cell Theory?

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CELLS
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Cell Structure and Function I

• Chapter 7-1, 7-2
• Study Guide Pg. 37-38

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Cell Theory

• 1. All living things are made of cells.
• 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and
  function in living things.
• 3. New cells are produced from existing cells

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Basic Structure of a Cell
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Introduction to Cells

• Cells are the basic units of organisms
• Cells can only be observed under microscope
• Basic types of cells

Bacterial Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
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Cell Exploration

• Light Microscopes
• Living organisms can be seen
• Light limits the resolution
  so extremely small things like proteins
  and viruses cannot be observed

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Cell Exploration

• High resolution video technology
• Allows scientists to see time elapsed movies of
  cells as the grow, divide and develop.
• http//www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

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Cell Exploration

• Transmission
  Electron
  Microscopes
  (TEMs)
• Can see more detail and extremely small
  structures
• Beams of electrons must pass through ultra-thin
  sliced samples therefore no living things can be
  seen

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Number of Cells

• Organisms may be
• Unicellular composed of one cell
• Multicellular- composed of many cells that may
  organize

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Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotes include bacteria lack a nucleus or
  membrane-bound structures called organelles
• Eukaryotes include most other cells have a
  nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants,
  fungi, animals)

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Prokaryotes

• Nucleoid region contains the DNA
• Cell membrane cell wall
• Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins
  in their cytoplasm

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Eukaryotic Cell

• Contain 3 basic cell structures
• Nucleus
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm with organelles

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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
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Organelles

• Very small size
• Can only be observed under a microscope
• Have specific functions
• Found throughout cytoplasm

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Organelles Found in Cells

• Examples of Organelles include

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough smooth) canals
for movement Golgi Bodies wrap export
proteins Nucleolus makes ribosomes Lysosomes
digests gets rid of wastes Ribosomes makes
proteins
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Golgi Bodies

• Stacks of flattened sacs
• Have a shipping side a receiving side
• Receive modify proteins made by ER
• Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch
  off the ends

Transport vesicle
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Lysosome

• Contain digestive enzymes
• Break down food and worn out cell parts for cells
  
• Programmed for cell death (lyse release enzymes
  to break down recycle cell parts)

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Nucleolus

• Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli
• Inside nucleus
• Disappears when cell divides
• Makes ribosomes that make proteins

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Smooth Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes makes proteins USED
In the cell Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface
makes proteins to EXPORT
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Cell Powerhouse
Rod shape Site of Cellular respiration
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In Animal Cells
Mitochondria
Active cells like muscles have more
mitochondria Burn sugars to produce energy ATP
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Cell or Plasma Membrane
Cell membrane
Living layer Controls the movement of materials
into and out of the cell Selectively permeable
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Cytoplasm of a Cell
Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell
membrane Provides a medium for chemical reactions
to take place
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Control Organelle
Controls the normal
activities of the cell Bounded by a

nuclear membrane Contains chromosomes
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Plant Cell Organelles
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps
sunlight to make to make sugars (food) Process
called photosynthesis
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Plant Cell
Cell wall
Protect and support the enclosed substances
(protoplasm) Resist entry of excess water into
the cell Give shape to the cell
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Plant Cell Organelles
Have a large central vacuole Surrounded by
tonoplast Contains cell sap Sugars, proteins,
minerals, wastes, pigments
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Different kinds of plant cells
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Animal cell
cytoplasm
vacuole
No cell wall or chloroplast Stores glycogen in
the cytoplasm for food energy
nucleus
mitochondrion
cell membrane
glycogen granule
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Animal Cell Organelles

• Near the nucleus
• Paired structures
• Help cell divide

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Different kinds of animal cells
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Similarities between plant cells and animal cells

• Both have a cell membrane surrounding the
  cytoplasm

Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
35
Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Animal cells
Plant cells
Relatively smaller in size
Relatively larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present
36
Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Animal cells
Plant cells
Vacuole small or absent
Large central vacuole
Glycogen as food storage
Starch as food storage
Nucleus at the center
Nucleus near cell wall
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Compound Microscope

• Instrument for observing small objects
• Magnify images up to 2000X their size

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Different parts of a microscope
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