YEARS OF CRISIS

1
YEARS OF CRISIS

• 1919-1939

2
SCIENCE AND ART IMPACT SOCIETY

• ALBERT EINSTEIN
• THEORY OF RELATIVITY WHILE THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS
  CONSTANT ( 186,000MILES PER SECOND ), OTHER
  THINGS SUCH AS SPACE AND TIME ARE NOT CONSTANT.

3
SCIENCE AND ART IMPACT SOCIETY

• SIGMUND FREUD AUSTRIAN DOCTOR THAT BELIEVED
  EVERYONE HAS AN UNCONCIOUS MIND THAT SEEKS THINGS
  YOUR CONCIOUS MIND IS UNAWARE OF.
• EXISTENTIALISM PHILOSOPHY THAT THERE IS NO
  UNIVERSAL MEANING IN LIFE AND THAT EACH PERSON
  GAVE THEIR OWN MEANING TO LIFE THROUGH CHOICES
  MADE.
• FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE EXISTENTIALIST THAT THOUGHT
  WESTERNERS PUT TOO MUCH EMPHASIS ON REASON,
  DEMOCRACY, AND PROGRESS AND NOT ENOUGH ON PRIDE,
  ASSERTIVENESS, AND STRENGTH.

4
SCIENCE AND ART IMPACT SOCIETY

• SURREALISM AN ART MOVEMENT THAT SOUGHT TO LINK
  THE WORLD OF DREAMS WITH THAT OF REAL LIFE.
• FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT AMERICAN ARCHITECT THAT
  PIONEERED FUNCTIONALISM.
• FUNCTIONALISM ARCHITECTUAL STYLE OF DESIGNING
  BUILDINGS W/ CLEAN, LOW LINES AND OPEN INTERIORS.
• JAZZ POPULAR NEW MUSIC STYLE OF THE 1920S THAT
  WAS DEVELOPED IN NEW ORLEANS, MEMPHIS, AND
  CHICAGO.

5
LINDBURG THE SPIRIT OF ST. LOUIS AMERICAN
PILOT THAT FLEW FROM NEW YORK TO PARIS IN 1927.
6
ROARING TWENTIES

• YOUTH REBELLION OF THE 1920S WAS DUE IN PART BY
  THE NEW ROLE OF WOMEN IN WWI. Roaring 20's video
  clip.asf
• WOMEN STOPPED WEARING RESTRICTIVE CLOTHING AND
  CHANGED HAIRSTYLES.
• REBELLION IN THE US WAS IN FULL SWING.

7
ROARING TWENTIES

• Thanks to Henry Ford and mass production, one
  could buy a ford for 290.  The Volstead Act
  became effective Jan 16, 1920 and made the sale
  of a drink containing as much as one half-ounce
  of alcohol unlawful. This one unsuccessful act
  brought about much of the flavor of the Jazz Age
  or Roaring Twenties as we know them. This was a
  period of  prohibition and intolerance,
  speakeasies, flappers, gangsters, and crime.

8
ROARING TWENTIES

• Hootch was supplied by Dutch Schultz and Al
  Capone.  The Nineteenth Amendment had passed the
  previous year allowing women the right to vote in
  national elections.  At the beginning of the
  decade the US was paralyzed by the grip of the
  red scare . Racial tensions were high and quotas
  were set for immigrants coming into America. The
  Klan was very active during this period.

9
ROARING TWENTIES

• The decade was a wonderful one for all of the
  arts and literature in America. Technology grew -
  the country shrunk - as popularity of
  automobiles, radios, and movies exploded. Buying
  on credit or installments was an outcome of the
  industrial age. In the fall of 1929, the New York
  Stock Exchange was more active than it had ever
  been. Economists predicted a permanent high
  plateau. By October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday, the
  stock market crashed and panic broke out. Banks
  closed. The nation stayed in this depression
  through the end of the twenties and most of the
  thirties. 

10
ROARING TWENTIES

• Black Tuesday or the Wall Street Crash refers to
  October 29, 1929, the day when the New York Stock
  Exchange crashed, leading eventually to the Great
  Depression. The crash followed a speculative boom
  which had taken hold in the late 1920s, which had
  led millions of Americans to invest heavily in
  the stock market.

11

• This investment drove share prices up to
  artificially high levels, the rising share prices
  encouraged more people to invest, as they hoped
  the shares would rise further, thus fueling
  further rises, and creating an economic bubble.
  The banks lent heavily to fund this share buying
  spree.

12

• On October 29, 1929, the bubble finally burst and
  panic selling set in. Thirteen million shares
  were sold in the space of one day, as people
  desperately tried to dispose of their shares
  before they became worthless.
• Over the following few days another thirty
  million shares were sold, and share prices
  collapsed, ruining millions of investors.

13

• The banks who had lent heavily to fund share
  buying, found themselves saddled with debt, which
  caused many banks to go bankrupt. Millions of
  people lost their savings, businesses lost their
  credit lines and failed, causing massive
  unemployment.
• The crash dramatically worsened an already
  fragile economic situation, and was a major
  contributing factor to the Great Depression.

14
DUKE ELLINGTON

                                    

• LEADER OF THE HOUSE BAND OF THE COTTON CLUB OF
  NEW YORK CITY.

15
BABE RUTH

• In 1931, the Babe made 80,000, the top salary of
  his 21-year career. At the time, President
  Herbert Hoover made 75,000. -RUTH BROUGHT BACK
  BASEBALL AFTER THE 1919 WORLD SERIES SCANDAL.

16
A GLOBAL DEPRESSION

• THE GREAT WAR LEFT NEARLY EVERY MAJOR EUROPEAN
  COUNTRY BANKRUPT.
• US AND JAPAN CAME OUT OF WWI IN BETTER FINANCIAL
  SHAPE THAN THEY ENTERED IT.
• COALITION GOVT TEMPORARY ALLIANCE OF SEVERAL
  PARTIES THAT COME TOGETHER TO FORM A TEMPORARY
  PARLIAMENTARY MAJORITY.

17
GERMAN SLIDE

• WEIMAR REPUBLIC GERMANYS NEW DEMOCRATIC GOVT.
• WEIMAR REBUBLICS 3 WEAKNESSES
• GERMANY LACKED A STRONG DEMOCRATIC TRADITION.
• GERMANY HAD TOO MANY POLITICAL PARTIES.
• MANY GERMANS BLAMED THE WEIMAR REBUBLIC FOR
  GERMANYS POST WAR HUMILIATION.

18
GERMAN SLIDE

• GERMANYS UNSTABLE ECONOMY
• UNLIKE BRITAIN AND FRANCE GERMANY DID NOT
  INCREASE ITS WAR TIME TAXES.
• INSTEAD, TO PAY THEIR WAR EXPENSE, THEY PRINTED
  MORE MONEY.
• THIS RESULTED IN THE VALUE OF THE MARK (
  GERMANYS CURRENCY ) DROPPING DRASTICALLY.
• FOR EXAMPLE, IN BERLIN A LOAF OF BREAD COST LESS
  THAN A MARK IN 1918, MORE THAN 160 MARKS IN 1922,
  AND 200 BILLION MARKS IN 1923.

19
GERMAN RECOVERY

• CHARLES DAWES US BANKER THAT PROVIDED A PLAN TO
  LIFT GERMAN INFLATION AND STABILIZE GERMAN
  CURRENCY AND ECONOMY.

20
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
21
THE GREAT DEPRESSION

• Causes of The Great depression
• Unequal distribution of wealth
• High Tariffs and war debts
• Over production in industry and agriculture
• Stock market crash and financial panic
• BLACK TUESDAY OCTOBER 29, 1929 
• Effects of The Great depression
• Widespread hunger, poverty, and unemployment
• Worldwide economic crisis
• Democratic victory in 1932 election
• FDR's New Deal

22
GREAT DEPRESSION
23
GREAT DEPRESSION

• The trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange
  just after the crash of 1929. On Black Tuesday,
  October twenty-ninth, the market collapsed. In a
  single day, sixteen million shares were traded--a
  record--and thirty billion dollars vanished into
  thin air. Westinghouse lost two thirds of its
  September value. DuPont dropped seventy points.
  The "Era of Get Rich Quick" was over. Jack
  Dempsey, America's first millionaire athlete,
  lost 3 million. Cynical New York hotel clerks
  asked incoming guests, "You want a room for
  sleeping or jumping?"

24
Unemployed men vying for jobs at the American
Legion Employment Bureau in Los Angeles during
the Great Depression.
25
Bud Fields and his family. Alabama. 1935 or 1936.
Photographer Walker Evans.
26
Squatter's Camp, Route 70, Arkansas, October,
1935.
27
Farmer and sons, dust storm, Cimarron County,
Oklahoma, 1936.
28

• The drought that helped cripple agriculture in
  the Great Depression was the worst in the
  climatological history of the country. By 1934 it
  had dessicated the Great Plains, from North
  Dakota to Texas, from the Mississippi River
  Valley to the Rockies. Vast dust storms swept the
  region.

29
In one of the largest pea camps in California.
February, 1936.
30
The photograph that has become known as "Migrant
Mother"
31
Porch of a sharecropper's cabin, Hale County,
Alabama, Summer 1936.
32
Unemployed workers in front of a shack with
Christmas tree, East 12th Street, New York City.
December 1937.
33
Man in hobo jungle killing turtle to make soup,
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Sept. 1939.
34
US RECOVERS FROM THE GREAT DEPRESSION

• After 3 Republican presidents, The US was ready
  to try a Democrat and FDR won 1932 election by a
  landslide.
• Roosevelt immediately began a program he called
  The New Deal.
• THE NEW DEAL PROVIDED WORK FOR THE UNEMPLOYED AND
  STARTED NEW GOVT PROGRAMS TO AIDE WELFARE AND
  RELIEF PROGRAMS.