Title: YEARS OF CRISIS
1YEARS OF CRISIS
2SCIENCE AND ART IMPACT SOCIETY
- ALBERT EINSTEIN
- THEORY OF RELATIVITY WHILE THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS
CONSTANT ( 186,000MILES PER SECOND ), OTHER
THINGS SUCH AS SPACE AND TIME ARE NOT CONSTANT.
3SCIENCE AND ART IMPACT SOCIETY
- SIGMUND FREUD AUSTRIAN DOCTOR THAT BELIEVED
EVERYONE HAS AN UNCONCIOUS MIND THAT SEEKS THINGS
YOUR CONCIOUS MIND IS UNAWARE OF. - EXISTENTIALISM PHILOSOPHY THAT THERE IS NO
UNIVERSAL MEANING IN LIFE AND THAT EACH PERSON
GAVE THEIR OWN MEANING TO LIFE THROUGH CHOICES
MADE. - FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE EXISTENTIALIST THAT THOUGHT
WESTERNERS PUT TOO MUCH EMPHASIS ON REASON,
DEMOCRACY, AND PROGRESS AND NOT ENOUGH ON PRIDE,
ASSERTIVENESS, AND STRENGTH.
4SCIENCE AND ART IMPACT SOCIETY
- SURREALISM AN ART MOVEMENT THAT SOUGHT TO LINK
THE WORLD OF DREAMS WITH THAT OF REAL LIFE. - FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT AMERICAN ARCHITECT THAT
PIONEERED FUNCTIONALISM. - FUNCTIONALISM ARCHITECTUAL STYLE OF DESIGNING
BUILDINGS W/ CLEAN, LOW LINES AND OPEN INTERIORS. - JAZZ POPULAR NEW MUSIC STYLE OF THE 1920S THAT
WAS DEVELOPED IN NEW ORLEANS, MEMPHIS, AND
CHICAGO.
5LINDBURG THE SPIRIT OF ST. LOUISAMERICAN
PILOT THAT FLEW FROM NEW YORK TO PARIS IN 1927.
6ROARING TWENTIES
- YOUTH REBELLION OF THE 1920S WAS DUE IN PART BY
THE NEW ROLE OF WOMEN IN WWI. Roaring 20's video
clip.asf - WOMEN STOPPED WEARING RESTRICTIVE CLOTHING AND
CHANGED HAIRSTYLES. - REBELLION IN THE US WAS IN FULL SWING.
7ROARING TWENTIES
- Thanks to Henry Ford and mass production, one
could buy a ford for 290. The Volstead Act
became effective Jan 16, 1920 and made the sale
of a drink containing as much as one half-ounce
of alcohol unlawful. This one unsuccessful act
brought about much of the flavor of the Jazz Age
or Roaring Twenties as we know them. This was a
period of prohibition and intolerance,
speakeasies, flappers, gangsters, and crime.
8ROARING TWENTIES
- Hootch was supplied by Dutch Schultz and Al
Capone. The Nineteenth Amendment had passed the
previous year allowing women the right to vote in
national elections. At the beginning of the
decade the US was paralyzed by the grip of the
red scare . Racial tensions were high and quotas
were set for immigrants coming into America. The
Klan was very active during this period.
9ROARING TWENTIES
- The decade was a wonderful one for all of the
arts and literature in America. Technology grew -
the country shrunk - as popularity of
automobiles, radios, and movies exploded. Buying
on credit or installments was an outcome of the
industrial age. In the fall of 1929, the New York
Stock Exchange was more active than it had ever
been. Economists predicted a permanent high
plateau. By October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday, the
stock market crashed and panic broke out. Banks
closed. The nation stayed in this depression
through the end of the twenties and most of the
thirties.
10ROARING TWENTIES
- Black Tuesday or the Wall Street Crash refers to
October 29, 1929, the day when the New York Stock
Exchange crashed, leading eventually to the Great
Depression. The crash followed a speculative boom
which had taken hold in the late 1920s, which had
led millions of Americans to invest heavily in
the stock market.
11- This investment drove share prices up to
artificially high levels, the rising share prices
encouraged more people to invest, as they hoped
the shares would rise further, thus fueling
further rises, and creating an economic bubble.
The banks lent heavily to fund this share buying
spree.
12- On October 29, 1929, the bubble finally burst and
panic selling set in. Thirteen million shares
were sold in the space of one day, as people
desperately tried to dispose of their shares
before they became worthless. - Over the following few days another thirty
million shares were sold, and share prices
collapsed, ruining millions of investors.
13- The banks who had lent heavily to fund share
buying, found themselves saddled with debt, which
caused many banks to go bankrupt. Millions of
people lost their savings, businesses lost their
credit lines and failed, causing massive
unemployment. - The crash dramatically worsened an already
fragile economic situation, and was a major
contributing factor to the Great Depression.
14DUKE ELLINGTON
- LEADER OF THE HOUSE BAND OF THE COTTON CLUB OF
NEW YORK CITY.
15BABE RUTH
- In 1931, the Babe made 80,000, the top salary of
his 21-year career. At the time, President
Herbert Hoover made 75,000. -RUTH BROUGHT BACK
BASEBALL AFTER THE 1919 WORLD SERIES SCANDAL.
16A GLOBAL DEPRESSION
- THE GREAT WAR LEFT NEARLY EVERY MAJOR EUROPEAN
COUNTRY BANKRUPT. - US AND JAPAN CAME OUT OF WWI IN BETTER FINANCIAL
SHAPE THAN THEY ENTERED IT. - COALITION GOVT TEMPORARY ALLIANCE OF SEVERAL
PARTIES THAT COME TOGETHER TO FORM A TEMPORARY
PARLIAMENTARY MAJORITY.
17GERMAN SLIDE
- WEIMAR REPUBLIC GERMANYS NEW DEMOCRATIC GOVT.
- WEIMAR REBUBLICS 3 WEAKNESSES
- GERMANY LACKED A STRONG DEMOCRATIC TRADITION.
- GERMANY HAD TOO MANY POLITICAL PARTIES.
- MANY GERMANS BLAMED THE WEIMAR REBUBLIC FOR
GERMANYS POST WAR HUMILIATION. -
18GERMAN SLIDE
- GERMANYS UNSTABLE ECONOMY
- UNLIKE BRITAIN AND FRANCE GERMANY DID NOT
INCREASE ITS WAR TIME TAXES. - INSTEAD, TO PAY THEIR WAR EXPENSE, THEY PRINTED
MORE MONEY. - THIS RESULTED IN THE VALUE OF THE MARK (
GERMANYS CURRENCY ) DROPPING DRASTICALLY. - FOR EXAMPLE, IN BERLIN A LOAF OF BREAD COST LESS
THAN A MARK IN 1918, MORE THAN 160 MARKS IN 1922,
AND 200 BILLION MARKS IN 1923.
19GERMAN RECOVERY
- CHARLES DAWES US BANKER THAT PROVIDED A PLAN TO
LIFT GERMAN INFLATION AND STABILIZE GERMAN
CURRENCY AND ECONOMY.
20THE GREAT DEPRESSION
21THE GREAT DEPRESSION
- Causes of The Great depression
- Unequal distribution of wealth
- High Tariffs and war debts
- Over production in industry and agriculture
- Stock market crash and financial panic
- BLACK TUESDAY OCTOBER 29, 1929
- Effects of The Great depression
- Widespread hunger, poverty, and unemployment
- Worldwide economic crisis
- Democratic victory in 1932 election
- FDR's New Deal
22GREAT DEPRESSION
23GREAT DEPRESSION
- The trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange
just after the crash of 1929. On Black Tuesday,
October twenty-ninth, the market collapsed. In a
single day, sixteen million shares were traded--a
record--and thirty billion dollars vanished into
thin air. Westinghouse lost two thirds of its
September value. DuPont dropped seventy points.
The "Era of Get Rich Quick" was over. Jack
Dempsey, America's first millionaire athlete,
lost 3 million. Cynical New York hotel clerks
asked incoming guests, "You want a room for
sleeping or jumping?"
24Unemployed men vying for jobs at the American
Legion Employment Bureau in Los Angeles during
the Great Depression.
25Bud Fields and his family. Alabama. 1935 or 1936.
Photographer Walker Evans.
26Squatter's Camp, Route 70, Arkansas, October,
1935.
27Farmer and sons, dust storm, Cimarron County,
Oklahoma, 1936.
28- The drought that helped cripple agriculture in
the Great Depression was the worst in the
climatological history of the country. By 1934 it
had dessicated the Great Plains, from North
Dakota to Texas, from the Mississippi River
Valley to the Rockies. Vast dust storms swept the
region.
29In one of the largest pea camps in California.
February, 1936.
30The photograph that has become known as "Migrant
Mother"
31Porch of a sharecropper's cabin, Hale County,
Alabama, Summer 1936.
32Unemployed workers in front of a shack with
Christmas tree, East 12th Street, New York City.
December 1937.
33Man in hobo jungle killing turtle to make soup,
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Sept. 1939.
34US RECOVERS FROM THE GREAT DEPRESSION
- After 3 Republican presidents, The US was ready
to try a Democrat and FDR won 1932 election by a
landslide. - Roosevelt immediately began a program he called
The New Deal. - THE NEW DEAL PROVIDED WORK FOR THE UNEMPLOYED AND
STARTED NEW GOVT PROGRAMS TO AIDE WELFARE AND
RELIEF PROGRAMS.