Intro to Cell Vocabulary

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Intro to Cell Vocabulary
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Cells

• Cells are the basic unit of all living thingsif
  it is alive it has cells

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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes
• No Nucleus
• No membrane-covered organelles
• Circular DNA
• Bacteria
• Eukaryotes
• Nucleus
• Membrane-covered organelles
• Linear DNA
• All other Cells

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Prokaryotes

• cytoplasm inner liquid filling
• capsule slimy outer coating
• cell wall tougher middle layer
• cell membrane delicate inner skin
• DNA in one big loop
• ribosomes for building
• proteins

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Eukaryotes (Plant and Animal)

• Cell Differentaition
• There are only 2 classes of cells (plant/animal),
  but there are many kinds of cells in each class.
  Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to doit
  specializes.

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Cell Membrane

• The cell membrane holds the cell together and
  allows nutrients in the cell
• Its just like a turtles skin
• The cell membrane is on the edge of a cell

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Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm is the watery gel inside a cell. It
  holds the organelles
• Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and other
  liquids

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Mitochondria

• Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy
  from food
• Mitochondria is like a turtles stomach

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Nucleus

• The nucleus controls the cell
• The nucleus is like the turtles brain
• Contains the DNA in Eukaryotic Cells

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Chromosomes

• Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and are made
  of genes (DNA)
• Genes decide the cells traits and activities
  (heart cell, eye cell (color))

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Golgi Complex

• Processes and transports materials out of the cell

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Ribosome

• Where amino acids are hooked together to make
  proteins

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Endoplasmic Reticulum ER

• Makes lipids
• Breaks down drugs and other substances
• Packages up proteins for release from the cell
• Ribosome are attached to it

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Lysosome

• Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and
  foreign invaders

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Vacuoles

• Vacuoles are spaces in the cytoplasm (gel) where
  food and chemicals are stored
• Its like fat on a turtle

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Cell Wall

• Cell Walls are only in plant cells
• They make the cell strong and rigid
• They are like a turtles shell (but only plants
  have themthats why grass stands straight up!)

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Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts are only in plant cells
• They contain chlorophyll, which helps make
  energy/food from sunlight
• Chlorophyll is green in colorso any plant that
  is green has chloroplasts

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