ETE Project

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Transition to employment of apprenticeship after
graduation Obstacles in Syria  
Eng.Anton Aljouni HRM/D Freelance consultant
Yomna Dallal Bashi Apprenticeship Data Base
Manager  
INAP Conference Italy- Turin 17-18 September
20079
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Syria
Population 22,331,000 Area 18,517,971
hectares Economic Environment Ongoing
transfer process to Socio-Market Economy
Aleppo
Hama
Homs
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Agenda

• Introduction
• 1) Employment Process in Syria
• 2) Analysis of apprentices employment process
• 3) Restriction and obstacles for suitable
  employment
• 4) Results and Proposals

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Introduction

• The apprentices employment in Syria after 9
  years is that the rate of employed apprentices
  from total graduates is very low
• This paper tries to analyze
• the obstacles of apprentices
• in the transition to employment.
• A set of indicators will be discussed which help
  to specify the obstacles of
• apprenticeship employment process

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1) Employment Process in Syria

• Informal Traditional Apprenticeship
• Typical type of traditional apprenticeship
• in MEDA region
• Mainly in Informal Industrial sector and
• other economic sectors (Construction,
• Tourism, Agriculture,..)
• No statistics about this type of learning

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1) Employment Process in Syria
Official Process.
Graduates
Government employment offices Queue
Employees
Job Fairs
Unofficial Process.
Private employment offices
Random employment
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1) Employment Process in Syria
Government employment offices Queue
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
Poor relations with private sector, Central
decisions Bureaucracy
Confidential, Free service, Public sector
employment, Career guidance service, Social
aspects, Huge database.
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1) Employment Process in Syria
Job Fairs
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
limited to 2 governorates only, in some cases
high cost
direct relation between employer and job seeker,
organised process, short time.
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1) Employment Process in Syria
Private employment offices
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
Not well organised, non-legislative, charged
service, hasnt career guidance service, hasnt
social aspect.
Flexibility, try to have a good responsiveness to
private sector.
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2) Analysis of apprentices employment process
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2) Analysis of apprentices employment process
Damascus
The table shows the law percentage of employed
graduates which is 24.
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2) Analysis of apprentices employment process
Aleppo
Some students are employed and are studying in
university or intermediate institute at the same
time so they counted twice
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2) Analysis of apprentices employment process
Aleppo
Some students are employed and are studying in
university or intermediate institute at the same
time so they counted twice
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2) Analysis of apprentices employment process
The figures show low rate of employment for
apprenticeship graduates, it is 24 in Damascus,
17.5 in Aleppo, 5.5 in Homs, in average it is
about 15.6
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3) Restriction and obstacles for suitable
employment
obstacles for suitable employment
Social factors
Eco. Factors
Leg. factors
Political factors
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3) Restriction and obstacles for suitable
employment
Economic Factors
Arab Free Trade Agreement, Turkish-Syrian free
trade agreement importing clothing products from
China
decrease in demand for clothing industry workers
affects adversely the private sector willing to
participate in appren
Most of apprentices try to postpone their work
decision by enrolling into industrial institutes
years
Social Factors
Most parents prefer followup higher education
because this improves the public sector
employment, and improve social image
Female employees ratio in industrial private
sector is 4,64 and in public one 11,38
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3) Restriction and obstacles for suitable
employment
Political Factors
The political situation has led to the existence
of compulsory military service for males at the
termination of their education
most young people seek to extend the periods of
education
Employer refusing to support the system in
training student .
Training contract is just a training contract
without any legislative force to employment, years
Legisla-tive. Factors
(Unfair) current labour law and absent of
effective security insurance legalization ,
influence negatively the effectiveness of
apprenticeship system.
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4) Results and Proposals RESULTS
The effectiveness of of graduates employment in
apprenticeship companies or others is very low
There are a lot of factors influences the
employment process and the employment rate
The factors which apprenticeship can deal with
is restricted to, that which apprenticeship
partners can influence on.
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4) Results and Proposals PROPOSALS
Social Area
Use of careers advisor Awareness events to
apprentices and their parents about private
sector. Awareness events to employers about HRM/D,
Military service
Introduction of a two-year supervised
employment serve in the army according to the
profession
Learning pathway
limit the percentage of higher education after
secondary school by 25-30 from total graduates
Training Contract
Introducing a training/employment contract that
should be used in addition to the existing
training contract in a flexible way
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4) Results and Proposals
Apprenticeship authorities has to build a
relationship with government employment office
and private employment office, also with NGOs
like SYEA(SAYRIA ENTERPRENURE ACCOISTATION) to
recognise apprenticeship graduates, and to help
apprentices seeking jobs. All of these proposals
will be effective if implemented in parallel.
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THANK YOU