Science Chapter Two Landforms and Constructive/ Destructive Forces

1
Science Chapter TwoLandforms and
Constructive/Destructive Forces

• Test Review

2
What is a natural land shape or feature, such
as mountains, plains, or valleys?

• a landform

3
What is a hill of sand, made and shaped by wind?

• A sand dune

4
What is an area of new land at the mouth of a
river, formed from sediments carried by the river?

• A delta

5
What is a break in the earths crust?

• A fault

6
What is a mountain that forms as molten rock
flows through a crack onto the earths surface

• A volcano

7
What is melted, or molten rock beneath Earths
surface?

• Magma

8
What is molten rock that reaches Earths surface?

• lava

9
What is a movement of the ground caused by a
sudden release of energy in the earths surface?

• An earthquake

10
What is a machine that records movement in the
earths crust?

• A seismograph

11
What is dropping, or depositing, sediment into a
new location?

• deposition

12
What is the process of moving sediment by wind,
moving water, or ice?

• erosion

13
What is the process of wearing away rocks by
natural means?

• weathering

14
What can stop the flow of a river?

• A dam

15
What is a wall of earth or concrete built along
the banks of a waterway?

• A levee

16
What surface features are caused by CONSTRUCTIVE
processes?

• Sand dunes
• Canyons (Grand Canyon)
• Mesas
• Sandbars
• Deltas

17
What causes a delta to form?

• Deltas form at the mouth of a river and are
  formed when a river slows down and deposits
  sediment that it has carried.

18
What can reshape sand dunes?

• Wind and ocean waves

19
What causes a mesa to form?

• Wind and water wearing down the rock

20
Surface features can be changed by destructive
processes - What changes can be caused by wind?

• Wind will wear away rock over time by blowing
  sand against it. This is an example of
  weathering.
• Wind moves sand and reshapes sand dunes. This is
  an example of erosion.

21
Surface features can be changed by destructive
processes - What changes can be caused by water?

• Canyons are formed by rushing water
• Sediment gets carried from one place to another
• Ocean waves change and wear down cliffs
• Ocean waves change beaches
• Rain that freezes in small cracks can expand and
  break down rock
• Flowing water makes rocks tumble together, which
  smoothes their edges

22
Surface features can be changed by destructive
processes - What changes can be caused by plants?

• Plants can cause weathering
• Roots can grow into the cracks of rocks and as
  they grow, the rock can break this is an
  example of weathering
• Plants can be helpful by their roots holding soil
  and sand in place to prevent erosion

23

• What are the four layers of the earth?
• Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
• What is the thinnest layer?
• Crust
• Is the inner core solid or liquid?
• Solid because of the pressure

24
Are earthquakes and volcanoes constructive,
destructive, or both?

• both

25
What types of plate movement causes earthquakes?

• Plates pushing together, plates sliding past each
  other, and plates pulling apart.

26
Where do MOST earthquakes happen?

• Along a fault

27
How are mountains formed?

• Mountains are formed when the crust folds,
  cracks, and bends upward because of the movement
  of Earths plates.
• Mountains are also formed by volcanoes.

28
What is a volcanic mountain made from?

• A volcano is a mountain made of lava, ash, or
  other materials from eruptions.

29
What causes volcanoes to form?

• Volcanoes occur when hot molten rock, called
  magma, pushes up through an opening in the Earth.
  When the magma reaches the Earths surface, it
  is called lava and it can harden into a mountain.
  

30
What formed the Hawaiian Islands?

• volcanoes

31
What can earthquakes form?

• Mountains and lakes

32
How are earthquakes destructive?

• They can damage roads, bridges, houses, and other
  buildings

33
What do scientists use to study where earthquakes
have happened and where they are likely to happen?

• seismographs

34
Why do scientists study earthquakes?

• So they can use their data to make buildings
  stronger, to predict where they might happen in
  the future, and to help prevent or minimize
  damage that they do which will help to improve
  lives

35
What structures are used to help prevent
flooding?

• Dams and levees

36
How can dams help prevent flooding?

• They can hold back water that would normally rush
  down stream and rivers during heavy rainfall.

37
How can levees help to prevent flooding?

• They are built up along the sides of rivers to
  keep rising floodwaters inside of the channel of
  a river or stream.

38
What is beach restoration or recalmation?

• When beaches are restored by moving sand from one
  location to another

39
Why do we restore beaches?

• Because ocean waves cause beach erosion (when
  sand is moved from one area to another by the
  waves)