South Africa Taking Notes and analyzing a primary source document!

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South AfricaTaking Notes and analyzing a primary
source document!
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Directions

• On a lined piece of paper, write down everything
  that is written in red and answer all questions
  in red on this slide show!

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South Africa Location

• South Africa is at the southern most tip of the
  continent of Africa

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Brief South African History

• The earliest people
• The earliest representatives of South Africa's
  diversity at least the earliest we can name
  were the Bushmen and Hottentots. Both were
  resident in the southern tip of the continent for
  thousands of years before its written history
  began with the arrival of European seafarers.
• And before that, modern human beings had lived
  here for more than 100,000 years indeed, the
  country is an archaeological treasure chest.

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Settlers and Slaves

• In 1652, Jan van Riebeeck and 90 other Dutch men
  landed with him at the Cape of Good Hope, under
  instructions by the Dutch East India Company to
  build a fort and develop a vegetable garden to
  feed the men on ships traveling the Eastern trade
  route.
• Their relationship with the natives was initially
  one of bartering, but a mutual animosity
  developed over issues such as cattle theft and,
  no doubt, the growing suspicion on the part of
  the natives that Van Riebeeck's outpost was
  becoming a threat to them.
• Perhaps the first sign that the threat was to be
  realized came in 1657 when nine men, released
  from their contracts, were given land to farm. In
  the same year the first slaves were imported. By
  the time Van Riebeeck left in 1662, 250 white
  people lived in what was beginning to look like a
  developing colony.
• Later governors of the Cape Colony encouraged
  immigration, and in the early 1700s more
  immigrants than natives lived in South Africa.

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England takes over

• In 1879, Britain, now becoming the world
  superpower, took over South Africa and discovered
  diamonds there. In 1886, gold was discovered and
  South Africa became the jewel of Africa.
• In 1909 blacks in South Africa were banned from
  political office and citizens were treated
  harshly.
• This was the beginning of Apartheid!

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Apartheid What is it?

• A South African policy of complete legal
  separation of the races
• Banned all social contact between blacks and
  whites
• Allowed the ruling white minority to control and
  terrorize the black majority
• This is all LEGAL!

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• All citizens were classified by race (LAW).
• A Black South African must carry a passbook
  issued by the white Government (LAW).
• Blacks were required to carry passes that
  determined where they could live and work.

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• The Group Areas Act It forced people of certain
  races into living in designated areas.
• There were racially segregated beaches and public
  areas (LAW).
• Race laws touched every aspect of social life,
  including prohibiting marriage between non-whites
  and whites and the sanctioning of white-only''
  jobs (LAW).
• List three ways blacks and whites were separated
  in your own words.

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• The government designated white and colored
  areas.
• This is a white school campuslook at the
  buildings and the field.
• Schools were segregated and black schools had to
  teach the white curriculum.

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• The government separated residential areas.
• Blacks were relocated to new homelandsusually
  the poorest areas with horrible farm land (LAW).
• South African citizenship was taken away and
  black townships had curfews.
• These are houses in Soweto, a black township.

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More Laws

• Each black homeland controlled its own separate
  education, health and police system.
• Blacks were not allowed to buy hard liquor. They
  were able to buy poor quality beer.
• Public beaches, swimming pools, bridges,
  drive-ins, graveyards, parks, and public toilets
  were segregated (LAW).
• Movie theatres in white areas were not allowed to
  admit blacks. There were practically no cinemas
  in black areas.
• Restaurants and hotels in white areas were not
  allowed to admit blacks except as staff.
• Black Africans were prohibited from attending
  white churches.

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• Segregated public facilities in Johannesburg,
  1985.
• Schools were segregated and students learned
  white curriculum and spoke in Afrikaaners
  language (LAW).
• Black schools were intentionally under-funded.

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Between 1948 and 1990

• Approximately 10,000 blacks were killed by the
  notorious system of racial domination.
• The greatest damage was the dehumanization and
  humiliation of non-whites through ruthless laws
  and practices by about 12 of the population
  (whites).
• The overwhelming majority of people in South
  Africa were black.

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What would you do?

• Would you consider fighting back? How? You have
  no rights, no power

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• Children of Soweto, a Black township some ten
  miles away from Johannesburg, in 1982. The Zulu
  world "Amandla" scrawled on the wall means
  "Power". This was adopted as a rallying call in
  the struggle for Black rights.

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Resistance Movement

• The African National Congress was established
  (ANC)
• ANC organized marches, boycotts and strikes
• 1960 police gunned down 69 men women and children
  in a peaceful demonstration

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In 1955

• The ANC (African National Congress)
• wrote the Freedom Charter.
• http//www.anc.org.za/show.php?id72
• Take a look at this primary source document and
  write the following
• 3 Things South Africans wanted the world to
  know.
• 3 rights of the people

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Resistance

• Sharpeville Massacre- 69 people (women and
  students) killed by South African police
• 1974- SA expelled from UN, 1976- banned from
  Olympics
• 1976- student protests- 600 killed, thousands
  arrested

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Steven Biko

• Black Consciousness leader who believed that
  political freedom could only come to black South
  Africans if and when they begin to stop feeling
  inferior to whites
• Raised awareness around world to the issue of
  apartheid

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Steven Biko

• Arrested, put on trial, and died Sept. 22, 1977
  from head wounds while in police custody
• Since his death in police custody, he has been
  called a martyr of the anti-apartheid movement.
• While living, his writings and activism attempted
  to empower black people, and he was famous for
  his slogan "black is beautiful", which he
  described as meaning "man, you are okay as you
  are, begin to look upon yourself as a human
  being".
• Considered a hero

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Steven Biko

• He wasnt the devil, as they made him out to be.
  He was a man, just like you and me. Yet he
  suffered immense pain and deadly injuries to
  insure no others would have to see the horror he
  saw before he ceased to breathe.  
• God Bless Stephen Biko  
•           -Steve Shep

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Nelson Mandela

• Born in 1918 to the chief of the Tembu Tribe
• University educated
• Received a law degree
• Joined African National Congress in 1944 and
  helped with the resistance movement
• In 1961 he created a new group within the ANC
  that wanted to use violent tactics
• He was arrested and after several trials was
  given life in prison for plotting to overthrow
  the government

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Nelson Mandela

• While in prison he continued to be a symbol and
  leader of the resistance movement
• President de Klerk was instrumental in releasing
  Mandela in February 1990 and allowing the ANC
• He and de Klerk worked to create a new
  constitution for all people in South Africa
• In 1994 Mandela was elected at the first black
  South African Presidenteveryone voted!
• Mandela and de Klerk won the Nobel Peace Prize in
  1993

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According to Mandela,

• "The oppressor must be liberated just as surely
  as the oppressed, for he is the prisoner of
  hatred, robbed of his own humanity."
• "While the particulars of our histories may have
  been different, the heart of our struggles, from
  Selma to Soweto, has been the same."
• "Courage is not the absence of fear, but the
  triumph over it."

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F.W. de Klerk

• South African president in 1990 (White man)
• Ended apartheid
• Freed Nelson Mandela
• Worked with Mandela to re-write the constitution
  giving all freedoms and rights
• Won Nobel Peace Prize with Mandela
• Write down 3 influential people in ending
  Apartheid and how they went about making a
  change!

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Apartheid 1948 and 1990

• When apartheid finally collapsed,
• the oppressors sought amnesty for their
  crimes...while
• the victims sought justice.

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Victims of Torture
Psychological complexity of reconciliation

• Victims who experienced
• brutality during Apartheid
• now, at times, feel more
• alienatedbecause the
• most dramatic part of the
• struggle that bonded
• people together is now
• over.

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Constitution

• Constitution (1996) of South Africa is among the
  most progressive in the world.
• Among the 27 Fundamental Rights is the right not
  to be discriminated against on any grounds and
  in particular on
• race, gender, sex, ethnic or social origin,
  colour, sexual orientation, age, disability,
  religion, conscience, belief, culture or
  language.

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Restitution - Land Claims

• The bureaucracy has been slow in addressing the
  basic issues of restitution for land claims.
• The government, for example, promised to
  compensate all families and their descendants who
  lost their property under apartheid.
• But of the nearly 70,000 claims, only about
  12,000 have been resolved.

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Low-Cost Housing
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Unemployment

• Due to the 40 jobless rate among black
  South Africans, there is a 4 levy on business
  owners and they are forced to pay money
  to finance worker training.
• Job creation and training
• education are imperative!!!

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Job Training
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Modern South Africa
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Taking a Stand

• Just imagine what one person can do to make a
  change.
• All it takes sometimes is one brave person to
  take a stand
• Write down how you feel South Africa is doing
  today.