A: R. Yochanan said: What is illustrative of the verse, Happy is the man that always fears, but he that hardens his heart shall fall into misfortune. The destruction of Jerusalem came through a Kamtza and a Bar Kamtza

1
CALEV BEN DOR
The Anvetanut of Zecharia Ben Avkulas The
Destruction of the Temple
A R. Yochanan said What is illustrative of the
verse, Happy is the man that always fears, but he
that hardens his heart shall fall into
misfortune. The destruction of Jerusalem came
through a Kamtza and a Bar Kamtza  A certain man
had a friend Kamtza and an enemy Bar Kamtza. He
once made a party and said to his servant, Go and
bring Kamtza. The man went and brought Bar
Kamtza. When the man who gave the party found
him there he said, Since you are my enemy what
are you doing here? Get out. Bar Kamtza said
Since I am here, let me stay, and I will pay you
for whatever I eat and drink. The host refused.
Then let me give you half the cost of the
party. No, said the host. Then let me pay for
the whole party. The host still refused and
threw Bar Kamtza out of the party. B Bar
Kamtza reasoned, since the Rabbis were sitting
there and did not stop him, they clearly agreed
with him. I will go and inform against them to
the Roman Government. He went and said to the
Emperor, The Jews are rebelling against you. How
can I tell? The Emperor asked. Bar Kamtza said to
him Send them an offering and see whether they
will offer it on the altar. So the Emperor sent
Bar Kamtza with him a fine calf. While on the way
he made a blemish on its upper lip, or as some
say on the white of its eye, in a place where
Jews count it a blemish but the Romans do not.
The Rabbis were inclined to offer it in order not
to offend the Government. Said R. Zechariah b.
Avkulas People will say that blemished animals
are offered on the altar. They then proposed to
kill Bar Kamtza so that he should not go and
inform against them, but R. Zechariah b. Avkulas
said, Is one who makes a blemish on consecrated
animals to be put to death? R. Yochanan thereupon
remarked Through the Anvetanut of R. Zechariah
b. Avkulas our House has been destroyed, our
Temple burnt and we ourselves exiled from our
land. C He the Emperor sent Nero against
them. As he was coming he shot an arrow towards
the east, and it fell in Jerusalem. He then shot
one towards the west, and it again fell in
Jerusalem. He shot towards all four points of the
compass, and each time it fell in Jerusalem. He
said to a certain boy Repeat to me the last
verse of Scripture you have learnt. He said And
I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of
my people Israel. He said The Holy One, blessed
be He, desires to lay waste to his House and to
lay the blame on me. So he ran away and became a
proselyte, and R. Meir was descended from
him. D He then sent Vespasian who came and
besieged Jerusalem for three years. In Jerusalem
were three men of great wealth, Nakdimon b.
Gurion, Ben Kalba Shabua and Ben Zizith Hakeseth.
Nakdimon b. Gurion was so called because the sun
continued shining for his sake. Ben Kalba Shabua
was so called because one would go into his house
hungry as a dog kelev and come out full
savea. Ben Zizith Hakeseth was so called
because his fringes zizith used to trail on
cushions keseth. Others say he derived the name
from the fact that his seat kise was among
those of the nobility of Rome. These men were in
a position to keep the city for twenty-one years.
The biryoni (thugs/ zealots) were then in the
city. The Rabbis said to them Let us go out and
make peace with them the Romans. They would not
let them, but on the contrary said, Let us go out
and fight them. The Rabbis said You will not
succeed. They then rose up and burnt the stores
of wheat and barley so that a famine ensued. E
Martha the daughter of Boethius was one of the
richest women in Jerusalem. She sent her servant
out saying, Go and bring me some fine flour. By
the time he went it was sold out. He came and
told her, There is no fine flour, but there is
white flour. Go and bring me some, she said. By
the time he went he found the white flour sold
out. He came and told her, There is no white
flour but there is dark flour. Go and bring me
some, she said. By the time he went it was sold
out. He returned and said to her, There is no
dark flour, but there is barley flour. Go and
bring me some, she said. By the time he went this
was also sold out. She had taken off her shoes,
but said, I will go out and see if I can find
anything to eat. Some dung stuck to her foot and
she died.
2
Rabban Yochanan b. Zakkai applied to her the
verse, The tender and delicate woman among you
which would not adventure to set the sole of her
foot upon the ground. Some report that she ate a
fig left by R. Zadok, and became sick and died.
For R. Zadok observed fasts for forty years in
order that Jerusalem might not be destroyed, and
he became so thin that when he ate anything the
food could be seen as it passed through his
throat. When he wanted to restore himself, they
used to bring him a fig, and he used to suck the
juice and throw the rest away. When Martha was
about to die, she brought out all her gold and
silver and threw it in the street, saying, What
is the good of this to me, thus giving effect to
the verse, They shall cast their silver in the
streets. F Abba Sikra the head of the biryonim
in Jerusalem was the son of the sister of Rabban
Yohanan b. Zakkai. The latter sent to him
saying, Come to visit me privately. When he came
he said to him, How long are you going to carry
on in this way and kill all the people with
starvation? Abba Sikra replied What can I do? If
I say a word to them, they will kill me. Rabbi
Yochanan Ben Zakai said Devise some plan for me
to escape. Perhaps I shall be able to save a
little. Abba Sikra said to him Pretend to be
ill, and let everyone come to inquire about you.
Bring something evil smelling and put it by you
so that they will say you are dead. Let then your
disciples get under your bed, but no others, so
that they shall not notice that you are still
light, since they know that a living being is
lighter than a corpse. He did so, and R. Eliezer
went under the bier from one side and R. Joshua
from the other. When they reached the door, some
men wanted to put a lance through the bier. He
said to them Shall the Romans say. They have
pierced their Master? They wanted to give it a
push. He said to them Shall they say that they
pushed their Master? They opened a town gate for
him and he got out. G When Rabbi Yochanan Ben
Zakai reached the Romans he said, Peace to you, O
King, peace to you, O King. He Vespasian said
Your life is forfeit on two counts, one because I
am not a king and you call me king, and again, if
I am a king, why did you not come to me before
now? He replied As for your saying that you are
not a king, in truth you are a king, since if you
were not a king Jerusalem would not be delivered
into your hand, as it is written, And Lebanon
shall fall by a mighty one.As for your question,
why if you are a king, I did not come to you till
now, the answer is that the biryonim among us did
not let me. He said to him If there is a jar of
honey round which a serpent is wound, would they
not break the jar to get rid of the serpent? He
could give no answer. R. Joseph, or as some say
R. Akiba, applied to him the verse, God turns
wise men backward and makes their knowledge
foolish.  He ought to have said to him We take a
pair of tongs and grip the snake and kill it, and
leave the jar intact.. H At this point a
messenger came to him from Rome saying, Rise, for
the Emperor is dead, and the notables of Rome
have decided to make you head of the State. He
had just finished putting on one boot. When he
tried to put on the other he could not. He tried
to take off the first but it would not come off.
He said What is the meaning of this? R. Yohanan
said to him Do not worry the good news has done
it, as it says, Good tidings make the bone fat. 
What is the remedy? Let someone whom you dislike
come and pass before you, as it is written, A
broken spirit dries up the bones.  He did so, and
the boot went on. Vespasian said to Rabbi
Yochanan Ben Zakai Seeing that you are so wise,
why did you not come to me till now? He said
Have I not told you? He retorted I too have
told you. Vespasian said I am now going, and
will send someone to take my place. You can,
however, make a request of me and I will grant
it. Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakai said Give me
Yavneh and its Wise Men, and the family chain of
Rabban Gamliel, and physicians to heal R. Zadok.
R. Joseph, or some say R. Akiba, applied to him
the verse, 'God turns wise men backward and
makes their knowledge foolish'. He ought to have
said to him Let them the Jews off this time.
He, however, thought that so much he would not
grant, and so even a little would not be
saved. I Vespasian sent Titus who said, Where
is their God, the rock in whom they trusted? 
This was the wicked Titus who blasphemed and
insulted Heaven. What did he do? He took a harlot
by the hand and entered the Holy of Holies and
spread out a scroll of the Law and committed a
sin on it. He then took a sword and slashed the
curtain. Miraculously blood spurted out, and he
thought that he had slain God...Abba Hanan said
Who is a mighty one like unto you, O God.  Who is
like You, mighty in self-restraint,  that You
hear the blaspheming and insults of that wicked
man and keep silent? In the school of R. Ishmael
it was taught Who is like thee among the gods
elim?  Who is like You among the dumb ones
illemim. Titus further took the curtain and
shaped it like a basket and brought all the
vessels of the Sanctuary and put them in it, and
then put them on board ship to go and triumph
with them in his city.
3
CALEV BEN DOR
What is R. Zecharias Anvetanut?
In order to understand the path of Rabbi Zecharia
ben Avkulas, we should try and understand the
logic behind the sages not protesting at the
feast. Eichah Rabbah explains that the Rabbis
wouldnt attend a meal unless they knew who else
would be therethe Rabbis who remained aloof from
the simple people didnt see themselves as acting
arrogantly, but first and foremost Halachically
the Shulchan Aruch even explains that it is a
disgrace / dishonour for a Talmid Chacham to sit
down to eat with an ignoramus From this
perspective, its possible to try and understand
the sages at the feast. Bar Kamtzas presence
broke their Halachic obligation to only eat with
religiously appropriate people. They were faced
with a clash between two Halachic principles. The
explicit prohibition on eating with someone not
invited by the host, and the important and high
principle though undefined and vague - not to
embarrass or humiliate someone / respect their
human dignity. In light of this clash, the Rabbis
decided not to decide (sit and do nothing is
preferable) Rabbi Zechariah ben Avkulas finds
himself in a similar situation facing two
issues in which explicit Halachic principles
clash with high, if not always certain and
unambiguous ideals. In the first case, Rabbi
Zecharia prefers the clear and explicit principle
not to sacrifice a blemished sacrifice in the
Temple to the ideal of preventing danger to the
Temples existence. In the second case, he
prefers the explicit principle - that someone who
brings a blemished sacrifice is not punished by
death over the important but vague ideal of
preventing potential war and destruction. Its
thus important to remember both parts of the
first Pasuk happy is the person who is always
frightened happy is the leader who thinks long
and hard about his actions but on the other
hand, he who hardens his heart falls into
misfortune', the person whose heart freezes due
to fears and decides not to decide, like Rabbi
Zecharia, is likely to bring destruction on us.
Theres no doubt that Rabbi Zechariahs fears
arose from legitimate concern with the
intellectual future of Israel. Perhaps he felt
that through accepting the blemished sacrifice or
by killing Bar Kamtza actions designed to save
the nation - the generations spiritual situation
and understanding of Torah would be undermined.
Spreading authentic Torah to the congregation,
explained Rabbi Zechariah is far more important
than contemporary practical considerations,
especially as they wont necessarily prevent the
destruction of the Temple. Rabbi Zechariahs way
won out and the sages were convinced that it was
better to give up on a temporary act (Horaat
Shaa) that might save the people and the land, if
such an act carried with it a pedagogical danger
to the people on a whole. With this, the last
practical possibility was lost to prevent the
wheels of destruction that threatened to trample
the nation. Rabbi Zechariah Ben Avkulas caused
the destruction of all Israel, a material and
spiritual Shoah The Rabbi Zechariahs of our
generation meanwhile raise similar concerns, that
saving the people through a Horaat Shaa that
would force the Prime Minister to withdraw his
destructive plan might undermine the education
and faith of the generation. Then, as now,
arguments are heard rising from the Bet Midrash
of Rabbi Zechariah ben Avkulas - such as "love
thy neighbour" or demonstrations undermine our
ability to convince which serve against
practical activities. Its much easier to blame
the Rabin (zichrono livracha) and the
Palestinians, or Bar Kamtza and the Roman Emperor
for the destruction. But Rabbi Yochanan
specifically apportioned blame to Rabbi Zecharia
Ben Avkulas a learned sage, whose anvetanut
destroyed the temple and exiled us from our land.
Through this anvetanut, he made no distinction
between an educational / Halachic problem
(however difficult), which is repairable, and the
fear of physical and spiritual destruction that
leaves no room for repair and demands urgent
action to save the whole nation. (Rav Avraham
Yisrael Silviski) It was the month of Av, 1939
years ago, and since then, the Jewish people are
still licking their wounds. Have we learned
anything? It would seem not. 3 years ago we once
again chose not to be extremists in the words
of Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakai. ..the Torah of Rabbi
Zecharia Ben Avkulas is still shining among us,
and many from Gush Dan and Gush Etzion drink of
his waters. (Rav David Druckman)
4
The Importance of Sensible Rabbinic Action
R. Yochanan said Jerusalem was destroyed only
because they gave judgments therein in accordance
with Biblical lawBut say thus because they
based their judgments strictly upon Biblical
law, and did not go beyond the requirements of
the law (Lifnim MiShurat HaDin). (Bava Metzia
30a(
Bet Hillel said, lift the bones and shells from
the table Bet Shammai said, remove the entire
tray and shake off the refuse. Zechariah Ben
Avkulas did not follow the opinion of either,
rather he threw the bones behind the couch
before he finished eating. Rav Yossi taught,
the Anvetanut of Zechariah Ben Avkulas burned the
Temple (Tosefat Shabbat 167)
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The relationship between the Mishna and the story
is deeper and more complex. The larger section of
the Mishna contains numerous examples of the
sages adjusting and amending the law to further
the good of society Tikun Olam, Darkei Shalom.
By introducing these amendments, the sages assert
authority and exert power. They display the self
confidence to modify the law, to recognize that
certain situations demand legal intervention and
remedy. The Mishna testifies to rabbinic
initiative, confidence and action qualities
diametrically opposed to those which the story
blames for the disaster. Whereas the Mishna
documents that the sages introduced provisions
'for the sake of peace', the story laments the
rabbinic reluctance to bend the law for the sake
of peace with the ruling authorities. The
Gemara story is the Mishna's mirror image
what happens without world of Rabbinic activity.
And its not a happy place. (Jeffrey Rubenstein,
Talmudic Stories)