?? ??? 4, ????? ??????, ??? ??? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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?? ??? 4, ????? ??????, ??? ???

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Title: Author: Borinskaya Last modified by: Created Date: 6/19/2005 9:57:20 AM – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ?? ??? 4, ????? ??????, ??? ???


1
??? ? ???? ????????????? ??? ????? ???????
???????. ??? ??? ???-?? ??????????????, ???
???????. ?? ??? 4, ????? ??????, ??? ???
??????????????. ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ????
?????????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??
????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???, ???
???? ?? ???????????, ? ????????? ?? ????? ??????,
??????????????? ????? ????????. ??????????
???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????, ???
???????? ????, ?? ????? ?????? (? ?????????
????????? 2 ?????????, ? ????????? ????????
?????? 1000). ??? ????????? ???????????. ?????
?????????, ??? ????? ? ? ? ????????? (? ???????
??? ??????? ??, ??????? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ?????
?????? ?? ????????????), ? ? Y ?????????
??????? ???????, ? ???????, ??????? ?????? ????.
? Y-????????? ????????? ???, ??????? ?? ??????
????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????
??????? ????????, ? ?????????? ???????. ???? ????
??? ?? ?????????? (?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???
??????? Y-?????????, ???? ? ????? ???-??
???????????), ?? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????
?????? ?????????. ?? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ???
?? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????. ?
?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? - ????? ????
???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?
??????????? ?????????. ????? ???. ?????? ??
????, ? ????????? (? ??????? ??? ????,
????????????? ???????? ???). ????? ???? ????????,
??. ??????????? ? ?????.
2
??????? ???????? ???????? - ????????
? ???????? 23 ???? ????????, ? ?????? ????
????????? ??????????? ???????, ? ? ?????? ????
???? ?? ??????, ?????? ?? ????. ??? ????????
???????????? ???????? ??????????? XX ? ?????? ?
XY ? ??????. ? ???????, Y- ?????????. ?? ????
????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????.
?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???. ???
??????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? 16 ??
(48 ??? ??? ???????????) ? ????? ?????????
????????? (?? ????????? 21-? ?????????) ?? 85 ??
(249 ??? ??? ???????????) ? ????? ???????
????????? ? 1. ????? ? ???? ??????????? ??????
???????? ??????????? ???????? ?? 46 ???????
???, ??????????????? 46 ?????????? (??????????
???????????, ?????????, ?? ??????????? ???????
????????, ????????? ?????? ).
3
???????, ? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??
?????????????. ????? ???????? ?????????????
????????, ?? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????
??????, ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? (???
?????? ?????????? ????????, ??. ???????
????????) ? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????
????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?? ???????
(???, ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????).
??????? ?? ?????? ?.?.??????, ?.?.??????????
? ?????????????? ???????? ?????, 1999,
?11. https//www.bionet.nsc.ru/vogis/vestnik.php?f
1999p11_5 ?? ????? http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/KaryotypeHuman_karyotype
4
???? ????????????? ??????????????, ?? ?????, ???
?? ????? ??????? (? ????????) ?????? ?????????
?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ????
?????????. ??? ?????????? ??????, ??? ? ????????
?????? (????? ?????? ??????) ?????? ?????????
??????????? (??????? ???.). ?? ??????? ??? ???
????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????,
?????????? ??????????? (?? ??????? ???????
??????? ??????). ? ?????????? ???????????
??????????? ????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ?
???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?
????? ?????? (???. ?????). ??? ????, ?????
????????, ??? ?????????? ??? ???????, ?? ????????
????????? ? ???? ???????? ???????.
5
? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????
???. ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????, ??
?????? ???????? ? ????????? ??? ??????
??????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????.
?? ????? ?????? ?. ?. ????????? ?????????????
?????? ????????????????? ???????. ???????????.
2004.
6
??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???
?? ????? ???????? (?? ?? 23 ????), ??? ? ????????
?????? ?? ???????. ? ? ???????? ??????, ? ?
????? ???????? ?? 46 ????????.
??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? (?????????? ?
??????????????) ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????,
????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????
???? ????????? ?? ????. ????? ? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????? 23 ?????????.
?????
?????
?????? ????????. ? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????
?? ????? ???? (??????? ???????? ???????), ??????
?? ???? (?.?. ??????? ???????)
???????? ??????
????????? ? ???? ????????? ? ??????????? ???
?????? ???????. ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????
???????? ????? ??????? ? ???????
?????? ????????? ? ???? ????????? ??????? ??
????? ???
? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????
???????? ???????, ????? ????????? ?????????
(????????? ????? ???) ? ?????? ??????
?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????????
????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????
????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????,
??? ? ????????
?????????? ??? ???? ???????, ?? ????????? ?????
??? ?? ???????????
? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????????
?? ?????? ????. ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????
???, ??? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ? ???
?????????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????
7
??? ??????? ????????????? (??????? ????? 23
?????????, ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????) ?
?????????? (? ??? ???? 23 ?????????) ??????????
??????????? ?????? ? 46 ??????????? (23 ????).
??? ?????????? ????? ?-?????????. ????
???????????? ???? ?????? ?-?????????, ??????????
???????, ???? ?????? Y-????????? ??????????
???????. ??????? ?? ????????? http//en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/Fertilisation
8
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vBFrVmDgh4v4
?????? ???? ???????????? ????????????. ??????
???????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????????
???????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????? ????????
????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?? 5-??
??????. ? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????
???????? ?????????.
9
????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?
?????? ?????, ?????, ???????????, ??????????????
? ????????????? ???????? http//bio.fizteh.ru/stud
ent/files/biology/biolections/lection15.html ?
??, ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ??? ????????
???????? - ??? ????? http//bio.fizteh.ru/student
/files/biology/biolections/lection05.html
10
??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????
??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????, ? ????
???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????????
????????, ? ??? ???????????? ? ???? ????? ??????.
? ??? ?????????? 47 ???????? (???? ??????), ?????
??? ? ?????? ?????? 45 ???????? (????? ??
???????). ???? ????????? ????????? (????????,
21-?), ?? ????????? ??????? ? ???????????
???????? (??????? ?????, ??? 21-? ?????????).
???? ????????? ???????, ?? ????????? ?????
??????, ??? ???????? ????? ???????????
(?????????? ?????). ?????? ?????? ???????
?????????, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????, ?
????????? ????. ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?
????????? http//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/D090D0
BDD0B5D183D0BFD0BBD0BED0B8D0B4D0B8
D18F
??? 21-? ????????? - ??????? ?????
?????? ?-????????? ? ??????? - ???????
?????????????
??????? ?? ?????????
11
??, ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??? ????????
?????????, ??????? ?? ???? ?????????. ? ???
???????????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????
????????, ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??
??????. ????? ????????, ??? ? ??????????? ?????
????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ??
????? ???????, ??? ??? ???????, ????? ?? ????
????????? ? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????????????????
?????????? ????????? ?????? (?????? ????? ??????,
??????? ?????????? ?????????) ????? ?????
???-???????? ?????????. ? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
(???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????), ??
??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????,
????????, ??? ????????????? ???????????
?????????. ???????, ??? ????? ????????? ????????
????????? ? ???? ? ?? ????????? ??? ??????, ?? ??
?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????????.
?????????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????????????
????????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ??
?????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ? ????? ????
????????????????, ?????? ???? ??????????
???????????????. ??? ???????? ??????????
????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????
?????, ????? ????????? ????? ???????, ???????????
?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ??????,
??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????.
12
???????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????, ???
????????? ? ????????? ???????? ????????????
?????????? ? ????? ????????????? ?????????, ????
? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ? ????????. ???
?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?
??????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ???? ?
????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????
???? ?????????.
???????????? ??????????????? ???? - ???
?????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????
?????????. ?????????, ??? ?????
??????? ????????? ??-?? ????, ??? ????? ??????
??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????????,
????????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ????
?????????? ?????????. ???????? ? ?????????
???????? ?? ??, ??? ???? ? ???????, ? ????????
??, ??? ??????????, ????? ?????? ????????? ???
????????????? ??????????.
??????????? ? ?????? ? ???, ????? ????? ????????
???????? ? ???? Dorier Stasiak. Topological
origins of chromosomal territories Nucleic Acids
Res. 2009, 37, 63166322. http//nar.oxfordjournal
s.org/content/37/19.cover-expansion
13
??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?
????????, ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?
?????????. ?? ??????????????? ?????, ???
????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????, ? ????????
?????? ???????????? ???????????? (???????????
??????????)
10 mm
Cremer et al., Recollections of a scientific
journey published in human genetics from
chromosome territories to interphase cytogenetics
and comparative genome hybridization // Hum
Genet (2014) 133403416 http//download.springer
.com/static/pdf/615/art253A10.1007252Fs00439-014
-1425-5.pdf?auth661397376519_229d6714875a9c2d5692
c10006e0b431ext.pdf
14
?????????? ????? ????????, ? ??????? ???
??????????, ?????????? ??????, ? ????????????
????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????.
Cavalli G., Misteli T. Functional implications
of genome topology Nature Structural Molecular
Biology (2013) 20 290299
15
? 2009 ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ???????
?????????????????? ????????? ????? ????????????
?????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????
???????. ?????????, ??? ?? ????????? ? 2003 ?????
???? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????
????????? ? ?????? ? 24 ?? 19. ? ?? ?? ????? ?
???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????
??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ?????, ?
??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????
???? ??????? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ??????
??????? ????, ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ???????,
?????????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ????
????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????
????????????? ?????, ??? ????? ??????????
????????? 70 ????????????. ? ??? ??? ? ??????,
??? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ?
??????? ??????, ????????????? ??? ? ??? ?
??????????? ? 55-60. ????? ???????, ?????
???????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ???????
?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????.
???????? ???????????? ? ????? ?????? ????????????
?????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????,
? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????
???????-?????? ????????? ? ??????? ????????????
??????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ? ???
????????????? ????????????? ??? ? ???????
???????. ???????? ????????? ???? ????????
??????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ????????????,
??? ????? ????????? ????????????? ? ??????
????????? ??? ?? ???????. ?????
?????? http//wciom.ru/index.php?id269uid111376
18.02.2011
?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? 2009 ?
http//wciom.ru/index.php?id459uid12813.
?? ?????? ?.?. ????????, ???? ?? ???
http//www.bionet.nsc.ru/asp/wp-content/uploads/2
014/02/origin1-2014.pdf
16
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