Frayer Model

1
Definition
Characteristics
Facts, figures, and other evidence collected in
an experiment.

• record data carefully
• permanent account of what happened in an
  experiment

data
Examples
Nonexamples

• descriptions
• measurements
• International System of Units (metric system)
• data tables and graphs

• problem
• inference
• hypothesis

Frayer, Frederick, Klausmeier, 1969
2
Definition
Characteristics
The one factor that a scientist changes during an
experiment (also called the manipulated
variable. )

• Can only have 1 at a time in a controlled
  experiment

Independent Variable
Examples
Nonexamples

• Type of paper towel (Which type is more
  absorbent?)
• Amount of salt in water
• (Which will freeze faster, salt water or fresh
  water?)
• see experiment on p. 584-585 of textbook

• The variable that stays the same
• The variable that changes because of another

Frayer, Frederick, Klausmeier, 1969
3
Definition
Characteristics

• CAN change because of what the scientist DID to
  the independent variable
• Does not always have to change

The factor that changes as a RESULT of changes to
the independent variable in an experiment.
Dependent Variable
Examples
Nonexamples

• Freezing temperature (changes because salt was
  added to the water)
• Amount of water absorbed (changes if one type of
  paper towel is more absorbent than another)
• see experiment on p. 584-585 of textbook

• Independent variable
• Controlled variable

Frayer, Frederick, Klausmeier, 1969
4
Definition
Characteristics
The variable that stays the same throughout an
experiment.

• There can be several controlled variables
• They dont change during the experiment
• (kept the same on purpose)

Controlled Variable
Examples
Nonexamples

• The amount of water, type of container, and
  temperature of the freezer in the saltwater
  experiment.
• see experiment on p. 584-585 of textbook
• The amount of water and the time observed in the
  paper towel experiment.

• The variable that the scientist changes
  (independent variable)
• The variable that changes in response to another
  (dependent variable)

Frayer, Frederick, Klausmeier, 1969