The%20Era%20of%20Good%20Feelings%20to%20the%20Jacksonian%20Era%201814-1840

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The Era of Good Feelings to the Jacksonian Era
1814-1840

• Students will explain how the economic
  development of the North and South will lead to a
  division of the United States

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Notes Question

• Imagine you are President James Monroe. You have
  just defeated Britain in the War of 1812. What
  would you do to stop future entanglements with
  European nations?
• Write down your ideas on your notes.

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Era of Good Feelings

• President James Monroe- his presidency will be
  defined by three decisions.
• 1. Purchase of Florida
• 2. Monroe Doctrine
• 3. Missouri Compromise

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Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution- is the change from slow
  hand made expensive goods, to cheaper faster
  machine made products
• 1. Large Scale Factories Develop
• 2. Mass Production- the production of goods in
  large quantities
• 3. First to Begin- Great Britain who tries to
  keep its secret from the world
• 4. First Begins in America- New England in the
  area of clothing production

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Eli Whitney Changes the South and America Forever

• Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin and Interchangeable
  Parts
• A machine that quickly and easily separates
  cotton fibers from the seeds.
• Impact of the Cotton Gin- This allowed slavery
  in the south to become economically viable.
  Before the Cotton Gin it was becoming too
  expensive to maintain the slave system

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Two Different Economies

• Factory Kingdom- manufacturing becomes the
  backbone of the North because soil is poor making
  farms small
• Slavery- not widely needed and is abolished by
  1804.

• King Cotton- with the invention of the Cotton
  Gin, cotton explodes and becomes huge and
  profitable
• Demand- The North needs cotton for its factories
  Great Britain needs cotton for its factories
• Slavery- the rise in slavery directly reflects
  the rise in cotton production

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Henry Clays American System

• American System- designed to promote the nations
  economic growth
• 1. Protective Tariffs- would promote American
  manufacturing.
• 2. The Second National Bank- provides a national
  currency
• 3. Transportation Improvements- building of roads
  and canals to link the country together and
  promote growth
• a. Erie Canal and National Roads built to link
  the country.

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Monroe Doctrine Florida Acquisition

• Monroe Doctrine
• it stated clearly that Europe was to not
  interfere (colonization/empires) in the areas of
  North and South America and in return we would
  not bother in European Affairs. This became the
  cornerstone of US Foreign Policy, and still is
  the cornerstone today.
• Adams-Onis Treaty Line
• Spain cedes Florida to US for 5 Million, in
  exchange for some territory in what is today
  southern Texas. Everything south-west of the
  Adams-Onis Treaty Line belonged in Spanish
  possession.

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Adams Onis Treaty Line
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Missouri Compromise

• The issue- since the late 1790s when states
  entered the Union there was always a balance
  between Northern and Southern states
• 1. Slavery- Even though the North had more
  representatives the South was equal in the
  Senate and could block any anti-slavery laws
• 2. New States- Missouri was the 1st state to
  apply from the Louisiana Purchase, both groups
  wanted this area to go with their cause, tip
  the balance of power
• 3. Tallmadge Amendment- introduced by a
  representative of N.Y. it would have
  gradually eliminated slavery in the state-
  southerners upset seeing it as the 1st step to
  eliminating slavery. Passed the House, but
  defeated in the Senate.

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Missouri Compromise contd.

• Henry Clays Missouri Compromise-
• 1. Missouri admitted as a slaveholding state
• 2. Maine admitted as a free state
• 3. Slavery prohibited north of 36 30 in the
  Louisiana Territory
• Aftermath- saved the Union for 30 years but never
  answered the problem of slavery, because of this
  violence will be the only answer to the question.

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Democratization

• 1. Extension of voting rights to all adult white
  males, not just property owners.
• 2. People gained a greater voice in presidential
  elections.
• Death of King Caucus
• A Caucus is a closed meeting of party leaders who
  selected the presidential and vice-presidential
  nominees for their party.
• When Republicans became the dominant party in the
  era of Jeffersonian Republicanism, in effect a
  handful of congressman chose the President of the
  United States.
• 3. Fracturing of one-party system and the
  emergence of a strong two-party system.

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Election of 1824

• Caucus system of nominating candidates completely
  discredited.
• Four Republican Candidates campaigned- John
  Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and
  William Crawford.
• Jackson won the most popular votes, but did not
  get the majority of the electoral college votes.
• The House of Representatives had to choose
  between the top three candidates. Who did NOT
  make the cut??

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Election of 1824 Contd

• John Quincy Adams wins- Henry Clay, who did not
  make the cut, uses his influence as Speaker of
  the House to get Adams elected President.
• Corrupt Bargain- Clay appointed Secretary of
  State by Adams- Jacksonians call this a corrupt
  bargain, and feel Andrew Jackson was cheated out
  the Presidency.

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Election of 1828

• Adams vs. Jackson
• Common Man - Jackson refers to himself as the
  common man vs. Adams northern elitist ways.
  Easily wins in a landslide. Basically an
  Adams-Jackson rematch, as many of the Crawford
  and Clay supporters followed Jackson.
• Mudslinging- this is the first presidential race
  in which the parties use rumors and lies to
  attack each other
• Democratic Party - Jackson wing of the Republican
  party split and took the name Democratic party.

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Andrew Jackson Old Hickory The Peoples
President

• The first president from the West and the second
  without a college education.
• Kitchen Cabinet- close friends of Jackson who
  help make decisions about America, the cabinet
  has no power
• Simple political ideas
• Man of the people
• Union first, states rights second
• Traditionalist- see this as the beginning of mob
  rule of the United States
• Spoils System- Jackson removed any non-Democrats
  from government offices and appointed loyal
  Democrats

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Indian Removal Act 1830

• The issue- White settlers wanted prime Native
  American lands, Jackson supported removing them
  to allow settlers to claim their lands
• The Act- For 5 million and land in the West,
  Native Americans are forced by Jackson to give up
  their traditional homelands, most sent to
  Oklahoma.
• Worcester vs. Georgia- Supreme Court rules that
  Georgia has no power within Cherokee lands.
  Marshall made the decision, now let him enforce
  it- Andrew Jackson
• Trail of Tears- In 1838 The U.S. Army forces
  15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and walk to
  Oklahoma. Along the way they are robbed by the
  Army and criminals, there to escort them but not
  protect them. Over 4,000 die on this journey

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Nullification Crisis

• The issue- Britain floods the U.S. with cheap
  goods, U.S. raises tariff- V.P. John Calhoun
  calls it the Tariff of Abominations 1828
• -Says the North prospers at the expense of the
  South (Cotton was cheap)
• Nullification Theory- idea created by Calhoun it
  states three ideas
• 1. States had a right to decide to obey federal
  laws or declare them unconstitutional
• 2. Constitution is a compact between the states
  and Federal government
• 3. States have the right to secede from the
  Union if they are denied nullification

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Webster Hayne debate

• Famous debate that lasted nine days in 1830.
• Webster argued that no state had the authority to
  nullify of leave the Union.
• Hayne condemned the Tariff of 1828 and championed
  states rights and the south

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Nullification Contd

• South Carolina- their legislature declares the
  Tariffs unconstitutional and threatens to secede
  from the Union if the tariffs are not overturned
• Force Bill- Jackson get Congress to approve the
  use of the Army and Navy against South Carolina
  and tells them nullification and secession are
  treason
• Compromise- Henry Clay gets everyone to agree to
  reduce the tariff over the next 10 years- eases
  tension

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The Bank Wars

• Clay Webster- they bring up re-upping the
  National Bank to get Jackson to veto it and have
  him lose support for the election of 1832.
• Biddle and U.S. Bank- He is the director of the
  bank and very arrogant. Jackson accuses the bank
  of helping only the rich and it was
  unconstitutional. He vetos its extension
• Election 1832- Jackson wins easily and the
  common man agrees with him that the Bank only
  helps the rich and is corrupt
• Pet Banks- Jackson pulls Federal money out of the
  U.S. Bank and transfers them to friendly state
  pet banks. This will lead to a collapse of
  credit in America, inflation and finally a
  depression in 1837

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Supreme Court Boosts National Powers

• Gibbons vs. Ogden- federal government controls
  interstate commerce
• McCulloch v. Maryland- state cannot overturn laws
  passed by Congress
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward- state cannot
  interfere with contracts

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The Legacy of the Jacksonian Democracy

• Nominating Conventions- In the 1830s, caucuses
  were replaced by nominating conventions in which
  party politicians and voters would gather to
  nominate the partys candidates.
• Popular Election- In the Election of 1832, only
  South Carolina used the old system by which
  presidential electors were chosen by the state
  legislature.
• Campaigning- Presidential candidates now had to
  conduct national campaigns. Large political
  parties were needed to organize them.

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Jacksonian Legacy Contd

• Third Parties- In addition to the two large
  national parties (at this time, they were the
  Democrats and the Whigs), smaller political
  parties developed (i.e. the Anti-Masons and the
  Workingmens party.) The Federalist party dies
  out after losing several elections.
• State and Local- A larger number of state and
  local officials were elected rather appointed.