Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun

1
Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun
Photosphere
Sunspots
T5780K
r 6.96x108 m
Faculae
From Wallace and Hobbs
NASA Image
Figure 1.1
2
Integration of Intensity over a Hemisphere to Get
Net Downward Energy Flux Density in W/m2.
We want Watts per m2.
1 m2 area
Figure 1.2
3
Sun and Earth Blackbody Spectra, Trace Gas
Absorption Lines
From Wallace and Hobbs
From Wallace and Hobbs
Figure 1.3
4
Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun
Photosphere
Sunspots
T5780K
r 6.96x108 m
Faculae
From Wallace and Hobbs
NASA Image
Figure 1.4
5
The Earths Orbit is Elliptical
Figure 1.5
6
Measurement of the Solar Constant from Satellite
is Difficult
More Scattering, Higher Irradiance Measured
Improved Instrument
Kopp and Lean (2010)
Figure 1.6
7
Recent Solar Constant Measurements from the SORCE
Experiment
Courtesy of Greg Kopp (LASP)
Figure 1.7
8
Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun
Photosphere
Sunspots
T5780K
r 6.96x108 m
Faculae
From Wallace and Hobbs
NASA Image
Figure 1.8
9
11-Year Sunspot Cycle Indicates Variations in
Solar Luminosity
Percent Area of Photosphere Covered by Sunspots
Yellow gt1
Fraction Area of Entire Photosphere Covered by
Sunspots
Figure 1.9
10
Direct Measurements of Solar Constant
Satellite Retrievals
Figure 1.10
IPCC 2013
11
Solar Constant Reconstructions Suggest Stronger
Longer-Term Variations
Figure 1.11
IPCC 2007
12
Solar Forcing Since 1750 is Relatively Small
Compared to Other External Perturbations to the
Climate System. Volcanic Ignored.
Figure 1.12
IPCC 2013
13
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