Amphibians

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Amphibians

• Frogs and Such

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Frogs, Salamanders, Newts, Toads
What makes this a frog??
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Lets draw a frog..
Draw a large oval
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Add two semi circles
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Add two circles for eyes, two more for a nose.
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Make the frog happy!
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Complete the feet
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Frogs Body Temperature

• Body temperature
• Like reptiles, amphibians are described as
  cold-blooded body temperature varies with the
  temperature of the environment and is generally
  much lower than that of birds and mammals.
  Because they rely on external sources of warmth,
  amphibians in cool regions hibernate through the
  winter.

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Common Frog
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• Amphibians are organisms that go through a
  complete metamorphosis and become another animal
• They live the first part of their life after
  hatching as a fish with gills swimming in the
  water
• Gills take oxygen out of the water and release
  hydrogen into the water as bubbles and keep the
  oxygen to use in their blood stream

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Gill
Inside body
Outside body
Water (H2O)
Oxygen (O)
Water (H2O)
Oxygen (O2)
Water (H2O)
Oxygen (O)
Hydrogen (H)
H
H
H
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Tadpole
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• They use their tails as food for the rapid growth
  they go through to become frogs
• Black tadpoles become toads (brown and rough)
  Brown tadpoles become frogs (green and smooth)
• All amphibians must stay close to water for
• reproductive purposes
• to keep their skin moist (frogs)
• so their mucus glands in the skin will
• work correctly.

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• Tadpoles life cycle lasts about one month during
  which they develop into a frog that breathes air
  with lungs instead of oxygen from water.
• They are a vertebrate and have a nerve cord and a
  backbone.

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External Anatomy

• Integument system
• Skin Moist and has mucus glands. Frogs-green
  Toads-brown
• Smooth / bumpy Camouflage with the environment
  (can change color)

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External Anatomy

• Skeletal and Muscles
• Hind legs
• Large in size and have good jumping ability, they
  have webbed feet for swimming and speed of
  movement.

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External Anatomy

• Skeletal and Muscles
• Fore legs
• Smaller in size and used for balance, they have
  non webbed feet.
• Thumb can tell the sex of a mature male frog /
  toad.

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External Anatomy

• Senses Nervous system
• Tympanic membrane
• Hearing on the side of the head, like our
  eardrum. Goes to the auditory nerve in the
  brain. Transfers sound vibrations to sound like
  the human ear does.

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External Anatomy

• Senses Nervous system
• Eye
• Can see in 195-degree range
• Has a third eyelid that acts like a
• goggle to protect the eye from the
• water. They can see well under
• water. Nicitating Membrane
• Can see
• Black and white and movement and shapes.
• Eyes sit on top of the head for better vision in
  the water. (like an alligator)

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External Anatomy

• Respiratory system
• Nostrils
• Allows air into the mouth and air sac under the
  throat
• for breathing and sounds.
• They will close due to the pressure under water.
  Open when above water or on land.

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External Anatomy

• Respiratory / Digestive systems
• Mouth
• Opens very widely
• Have maxillary teeth for chewing food
• Have Vomerine teeth for holding food while it is
  being chewed

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External Anatomy

• Respiratory / Digestive systems
• Tongue folds out from the front, sticky like fly
  paper on the underside to catch and hold bugs.
  Very long and fast. Strong muscle.

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External Anatomy

• Air sac is under the tongue where the air passes
  to make sounds.
• Eustation tube (inner ear) for balance in
  swimming
• Nostril openings where air comes in and goes to
  the
• Pharynx for breathing and sounds.

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External Anatomy

• Epiglottis
• Piece of skin that hangs down to protect food
  from going into the wrong pipe when the frog is
  breathing.

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Quiz 3 External Amphibian (30 points)
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1. What is this a picture of and where would you
find it in an amphibian?
3. ________
2._________
5. Explain what is taking place in this
diagram.
4. _____________
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• 6. What is the difference in a frog and a toad?
• 7. What is the tympanic membrane and what is its
  function for the amphibian?
• 8. How is an amphibian like an earthworm?
• 9. What is it about a frogs eyes that makes
  them so great at defense?
• 10. Name four things about a frog that make it
  unique from other animals (when you look at it
  you know it is a frog and not some other kind of
  an animal.)