Introduction%20to%20Carbon%20Chemistry

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Introduction to Carbon Chemistry

• Honors Physical Science
• Ms. Mandel

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D13Explain how the structure of the carbon
atom affects the types of bonds it forms in
organic and inorganic molecules.
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Learning Targets

• I can explain why carbon can form many different
  compounds.
• I can differentiate between the different types
  of hydrocarbons.
• I can differentiate between the different carbon
  backbones.

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Carbon
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Why can Carbon form so many different bonds?

• 4 valence e-
• Relatively small size

en.petitchef.com
crystalmaker.com
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What types of bonds can Carbon form?
Single covalent bonds Double covalent bonds
Triple covalent bonds
http//chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Orga
nic_Chemistry_With_a_Biological_Emphasis/Chapter__
13A_Chapter_13A_Introduction_to_organic_structur
e_and_bonding_I/Section_43A_Functional_groups_and
_organic_nomenclature
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What is special about the properties of Carbon?

• Can form long chains of atoms
• Can form an almost infinite variety of compounds
• The backbone of almost every molecule that
  living organisms make or use

dwb4.unl.edu
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Identify 3 molecules containing carbon that
living organisms make or use

• DNA
• Genetic traits
• Makes you you
• Proteins
• Enzymes
• Components of muscles, skin, and other organs
• Carbohydrates
• Starches
• Sugars

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Learning Target Checkpoint

• Why can carbon form many different compounds?

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inOrganic VS. organicChemistry
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Inorganic Chemistry

• The study of compounds that do not contain carbon
• There are exceptions
• CO2
• Diamonds (pure C)

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Inorganic compounds

• Includes salts, metals, substances made from
  single elements and any other compounds that
  don't contain carbon bonded to hydrogen.

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Organic Chemistry

• The study of carbon-containing compounds
• Almost all contain C H bonds
• Found in living things
• DNA
• Sugar (plants)
• There are exceptions
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

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Organic Compounds

• CAS Substance Database has almost 24 million
  organic compounds
• CAS REGISTRYSM, is the only integrated,
  comprehensive source of chemical information from
  a full range of disclosed material including
  patents, journals, and reputable web sources.  
• When you need to positively identify a chemical
  substance, you can rely on the authoritative
  source for chemical names and structures of CAS
  REGISTRY.

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Hydrocarbons
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Hydrocarbons

• Organic compounds that consist of only C and H
  atoms
• Nonpolar
• Poor conductors of electricity
• Dont dissolve in water Why?
• Typically found deep beneath the Earth
• Fossil fuels

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Hydrocarbons

• Alkanes
• Alkenes
• Alkynes

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Alkanes

• All the Carbon to Carbon (C to C) bonds are
  single bonds
• Basic molecular formula is CnH2n2
• Cycloalkanes (ring-shaped) have the formula CnH2n

Methane CH4 Pentane C5H12 Nonane C9H20 Ethane
C2H6 Hexane C6H14 Decane C10H22 Propane
C3H8 Heptane C7H16 Butane C4H10 Octane
C8H18
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(No Transcript)
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How would you draw ethane?
How would you name C6H14?
Hexane
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How would you name the structure below?
Octane
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Alkenes

• One or more carbon-carbon double bonds
• General formula CnH2n

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(No Transcript)
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How would you draw butene?
How would you name C2H4?
Ethene
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How would you name the structure below?
Propene
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Alkynes

• At least one triple bond between two carbon atoms
• Having the formula CnH2n-2

http//www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/chemintro/ch
/ch16a.html
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How would you draw 2-butyne?
How would you name C8H14?
Octyne
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How would you name the structure below?
Ethyne
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
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Saturated Hydrocarbons

• Composed entirely of single bonds and are
  saturated with hydrogen
• Alkanes

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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• Have one or more double or triple bonds between
  carbon atoms.
• Alkenes
• Alkynes

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Learning Target Checkpoint

• How do you differentiate between alkanes,
  alkenes, alkynes and cycloalkanes?
• How do you differentiate between saturated and
  unsaturated hydrocarbons?

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Carbon Backbones

• Carbon atoms can form long backbones of large
  molecules.

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Carbon Backbones

• Straight Chain

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• Branched Chain

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Rings or Cyclic
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Cross-linked Chains

• Carbon chains linked together

http//www.csun.edu/science/standards/science/phys
ical-sci-8/files/3.5.2-polymers.pdf
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Learning Target Checkpoint

• How can you differentiate between the different
  carbon backbones?

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Isomers

• Have the same chemical formula but differ in the
  way the atoms are arranged.

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C4H10