Pacific food security challenges, historical context of CBNRM/CEAFM, and the stock-take of CBNRM/CEAFM

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Pacific food security challenges, historical
context of CBNRM/CEAFM, and the stock-take of
CBNRM/CEAFM

• Moses J Amos, FAME, SPC

2
Presentation Overview

• Background
• Coastal fisheries management
• Why ineffective
• Challenges
• Conclusion

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Background Coastal Fisheries

• Multi-species shallow water fisheries
• Finfish,
• Invertebrates ,and
• Others (seaweeds, live rock)
• Multi-gear - gleaning, spear fishing, trapping,
  gillnetting, hook/line dropline fishing, and
  trolling
• Multi-fishing methods - walking, wading,
  swimming, and fishing from non-motorised and
  motorised vessels.
• Multi-stocks throughout the region

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Coastal fisheries management

• Unlike the industrial tuna fishery, there is no
  regional approach to coastal fisheries
  management.
• Considered the responsibility of each PICT.
• Various management techniques have been used by
  PICTs
• Informal
• Formal

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Informal Coastal Fisheries Management systems
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Formal Coastal Fisheries Management systems
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Combination of Informal and Formal Management
Measures
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Coastal fisheries management

• Ineffective coastal fisheries management is a
  real tragedy for the Pacific region.
• Failure of the management techniques has resulted
  in closing down of fisheries to prevent collapse
  of the resource.
• Such moratoriums have devastating impacts on
  coastal communities.

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For Example State of Export Sea Cucumber
Fisheries
Marshall Is.
New SC regs
Palau
Closed
Kiribati
FSM
Kiribati
Needs MGT
Needs MGT
Papua New Guinea
Tokelau
Kiribati
Closed
Closed
Tuvalu
Solomon Is.
Closed
Closed
Samoa
Wallis Futuna
French Polynesia
Vanuatu
Un-fished
Managed
Closed
Needs MGT
Cook Is.
Niue
New Caledonia
Fiji Is.
Un-fished
Un-fished
Managed
Needs MGT
Tonga
Needs MGT
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Coastal fisheries management

• Fully exploited or in over fished state.
• Production will not expand in future.
• Production will decline and the situation will
  become worse in the future.

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Why - ineffective coastal fisheries management?

• Much of the ineffectiveness of coastal fisheries
  resource management is attributed to
• Lack of/outdated coastal fisheries management
  policy/plans/regulations
• Lack of monitoring, control, and surveillance
  (MCS) measures
• Limited cooperation between regional agencies and
  NGOs

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Why - ineffective coastal fisheries management?

• Inadequate skilled officers in coastal
  fisheries
• Focus on increasing production and not on
  reducing fishing effort
• Limited empowerment of coastal communities
• Limited political will and support

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Challenges _ Livelihoods

• Fundamental importance in PICTs
• Very important for local incomes - provides
  around 50 of coastal households with 1st or 2nd
  source of income.

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Challenges - Patterns of Economic Development

• Likely that economies of most Pacific Island
  Countries will not be in very good shape
• Many people without jobs will seek income and
  food security from harvesting of coastal
  fisheries
• Willingness to compromise tomorrows
  sustainability for todays food security and
  income

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Challenges _ Food security

• Coastal fisheries provides 50 - 90 of protein
  intake for coastal communities

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Food Security
How much coastal fish do we eat?
39
96
79
115
gt150
53
146
118
94
79
61
30
113
50
43
85
56
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Challenges Food security
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Challenges Food security
100,000 t
10,000 t
5,000 t
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Challenges Food security
Assume a whole snapper 25-30 cm or around
250g Plate size fish
Fish gap within 15 years
100,000 t
Melanesia 400,000,000 pieces Micronesia
40,000,000 pieces Polynesia 20,000,000
pieces
10,000 t
5,000 t
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WHERE WILL THE EXTRA FISH COME FROM????

• Sustainable management of wild fisheries, or
• Catch of industrial tuna fisheries, or
• small scale tuna fishing around FADs, or
• Small pelagics, or
• Aquaculture/mariculture, or
• All of the above

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Some Conclusions

• Coastal fisheries resources will not be able to
  meet demand from growing populations.
• Effective management is needed to sustain coastal
  fisheries production at optimum levels.
• Alternative sources of fish for food include
  catch of industrial tuna fisheries, small scale
  tuna fishing around FADs, aquaculture, and small
  pelagics.

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Thank youMerci beaucoup

• Any Questions