Chap. 12 The Health Benefits of Recreational Activities on Leisure Farms in Taiwan (III)

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• Chap. 12 The Health Benefits of Recreational
  Activities on Leisure Farms in Taiwan (III)

??? Chun-Yen Chang ????????????
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• Natural based recreational activities
• Physiological well-being of Human
• Environment
• Activities
• Experiences
• Benefits

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• This study investigates the health benefits of
  recreational activities on leisure farms in
  Taiwan.
• Using an on-site survey to conduct the
  psychophysical experiment on visitors, this study
  attempts to explore the relationship between
  recreational activities and health benefits.

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Literature
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Environment
Experience
Activity
Benefit
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• Natural Based Environment
• Attention Restoration Theory
• Kaplan Kaplan (1989)
• Natural Landscapes vs. Urban Landscapes
• Laumann et al., (2001)

Environment
Experience
Activity
Benefit
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Environment
Experience
Activity
Benefit
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Outdoor Recreation Theories By providing
different kinds of recreational settings and
accommodating different types and styles of
recreational use, managers can best give people
the opportunity for various kinds of experiences
(Clark and Stankey, 1979).
Environment
Experience
Activity
Benefit
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Benefits of Nature
Environment
Experience
Activity
Benefit
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Environment
Experience
Activity
Benefit
Benefits of Activity
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Research Design
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Environment
Experience
Natural Openness Man-made Openness Natural
Education Man-made Education
Activity
Benefit
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Natural Openness
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Man-made Openness
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Natural Education
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Man-made Education
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Passive Relax sitting, Rest, Sight seeing Semi
Passive Walking around Semi Active Planting
potted plants Active Feeding animals
Experience
Activity
Benefit
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• Passive
• Relax sitting
• Rest
• Sight seeing

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• Semi Passive
• Walking

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• Semi Active
• Planting potted plants

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• Active
• Feeding animals

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Experience
Farm Recreation Experience Scale (FRES) Sense of
Control alpha0.747 Sense of Social
support alpha0.685 Sense of Exercise alpha0.6
48 Sense of Natural empowerment alpha0.778 Sense
of Achievement Sense of Extraordinary experience
Activity
Benefit
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Perceived Restorative Scale (PRS) alpha0.76
5 Hartig et al. (1996, 1997) have developed a
perceived environmental restorativeness scale
(PRS) with the aim of measuring the restorative
components of environments derived from Kaplan
and Kaplan's (1989) theory. Being
Away Extend Fascination Compatibility Biofeedback
Indicators Electromyography (EMG) EMG measures
muscle response to nervous stimulation, which can
be used as an index of muscle tension (Carol,
l985). Heart Rate (HR) Heart Rate measures.
Experience
Activity
Benefit
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Data Collection Procedure
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Respondents

• 272 subjects were tested
• 61 female 39 male
• 41 respondent between 21-30 years old

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EMG Natural Openness M15.98 ( 9.49) Man-made
Openness M14.90 ( 8.00) Natural Education
M27.64 (32.08) Man-made Education M14.04 (
7.24) 3gt1,2,4
HR Natural Openness M95.26 (15.89) Man-made
Openness M88.63 ( 9.48) Natural Education
M85.01 (13.58) Man-made Education M90.90 (
9.93) 1gt2,3,4
Environment
ANOVA EMG F 7.122 p0.000 HR F 5.294
p0.001 PRS F 1.454 p0.227
Benefit
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Sense of Natural empowerment Natural Openness
M95.26 (15.89) Man-made Openness M88.63 (
9.48) Natural Education M85.01 (13.58) Man-made
Education M90.90 ( 9.93) 1gt4
Sense of Extraordinary experience Natural
Openness M4.03 (0.673) Man-made
Openness M3.59 (0.798) Natural Education
M3.91 (0.750) Man-made Education M3.74 (0.691)
1gt2,4
Environment
Experience
ANOVA Sense of Control F1.300 p0.275 Sense
of Social support F0.657 p0.579 Sense of
Exercise F2.083 p0.103 Sense of Natural
empowerment F2.618 p0.051() Sense of
Achievement F1.499 p0.215 Sense of
Extraoridinary experience F5.044 p0.002
Benefit
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EMG Passive M18.35 (15.58) Semi Passive
M19.23 (10.58) Semi Active M13.70 (
9.09) Active M12.36 ( 7.62) 1,2gt3,4
ANOVA EMG F 4.019 p0.008 HR F31.921
p0.000 PRS F 1.811 p0.145
HR Passive M87.84 (11.75) Semi Passive
M110.61 (20.36) Semi Active M91.07 (
8.86) Active M95.50 ( 9.83) 2gt1,3,4 4gt1
Activity
Benefit
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Sense of Control Passive M29.41 (2.97) Semi
Passive M28.29 (3.49) Semi Active M29.70
(2.94) Active M30.37 (2.54) 3,4gt2
ANOVA Sense of Control F 2.999
p0.031 Sense of Social support F 2.844
p0.038 Sense of Exercise F 3.118
p0.027 Sense of Natural empowerment F 1.834
p0.141 Sense of Achievement F 2.969
p0.032 Sense of Extraordinary experience F
3.540 p0.015
Sense of Social Support Passive M26.83
(2.88) Semi Passive M26.76 (2.89) Semi Active
M27.73 (2.99) Active M28.09 (2.92) 3,4gt1
Experience
Sense of Exercise Passive M26.16 (2.69) Semi
Passive M26.38 (2.56) Semi Active M27.33
(2.98) Active M27.03 (3.00) 3gt1
Sense of Achievement Passive M3.32 (0.69) Semi
Passive M3.29 (0.58) Semi Active M3.58
(0.67) Active M3.54 (0.85) 3gt1,2
Activity
Benefit
Sense of Extraordinary Experience Passive
M3.77 (0.74) Semi Passive M3.82 (0.67) Semi
Active M4.04 (0.65) Active M4.11
(0.72) 3,4gt1
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Environment
Experience
Benefit
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EMG, HR
Natural Empowerment Extraordinary Experience
Environment
Experience
Control Social support Exercise Natural
empowerment Achievement Extraoridinary experience
Control Social support Exercise Achievement Extrao
ridinary experience
PRS, HR, EMG
Activity
Benefit
EMG, HR
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Discussion and Conclusion
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• Regarding the benefits of recreational activities
  on health, this study found that different kinds
  of activities lead to different affective
  responses.
• HR indicated that sitting is the most relax
  condition.
• EMG indicated that two activities - planting
  potted plants and feeding animals - resulted in
  the most relaxing beneficial effect.
• Planting potted plants and feeding animals also
  have higher recreation experience scores.

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• Active contact types of farm activities get
  respondents better health well-being.
• Feeding animals and planting potted plants
  brought about the greatest sense of control,
  sense of social support, and sense of
  extraordinary experience for the respondents.

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• Environment
• Activities
• Experiences
• Health Benefits

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Environment
Experience
Thank You
Activity
Benefit
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