UVR Climatology and in situ UVR Regulation of Phytoplankton Dynamics in California Coastal Waters: Photophysiology, Phytoplankton Community Structure and cDOM Responses to Short-term UVR Exposure in Diverse Phytoplankton Communities and the Red Tide Form

1
Light vs depth
2
Productivity vs depth
3
Productivity vs Light
PG Gross Primary Productivity PN Net Primary
Productivity R - Respiration Pmax maximal
photosynthesis value Ic compensation light
intensity
4
Primary Productivity

• Found near Upwelling Areas

SeaWifs Satellite
5
Primary Productivity

• Found near Upwelling Areas

SeaWifs Satellite
6
Primary Productivity

• Nutrients Found near Upwelling Areas

7
Primary Productivity

• Coastal Upwelling Areas

South Africa southwest coast
8
Primary Productivity

• Equitorial Upwelling Areas

9
Primary Productivity
10
Protists - Zooplankton

1. Foraminifera (Forams)

• Test (shell) made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or
  agglutinated sediment particles
• Fossil tests used to age geological deposits
• Feed by extending pseudopodia through pores in
  test
• Pelagic forms (calcareous)
• Often have spines
• Tests may form foraminiferan oozes, esp. in
  shallow water beneath tropics (white cliffs of
  Dover England)
• Benthic forms (calcareous or agglutinated)
• Calcareous tests can be important sources of sand
  for beaches

11
Protists - Zooplankton

1. Foraminifera (Forams)

Southern England White Cliffs of Dover
12
Protists - Zooplankton

1. Foraminifera (Forams)

13
Protists - Zooplankton

1. Foraminifera (Forams)

http//earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/imagelibrary
/orbulinauniversa.html
http//www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/foram.html
14
Protists - Zooplankton

1. Radiolarians

15
Protists - Zooplankton

1. Ciliates (Ciliophores)

16
Seaweed Kelp
17
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Green Algae (Chlorophytes)

• Enteromorpha
• Often found in polluted areas Used as bioassay
  tool
• Ulva (Sea Lettuce)
• Found in areas with high nutrient levels
• Valonia (Bubble Algae)
• Tropical and subtropical
• Caulerpa
• Invasive species (C. taxifolia)
• Codium (Dead Mans Fingers)
• Multinucleated
• Halimeda
• Calcareous alga

Ulva
Caulerpa
Valonia
18
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Green Algae (Chlorophytes)

• Enteromorpha
• Often found in polluted areas Used as bioassay
  tool
• Ulva (Sea Lettuce)
• Found in areas with high nutrient levels
• Valonia (Bubble Algae)
• Tropical and subtropical
• Caulerpa
• Invasive species (C. taxifolia)
• Codium (Dead Mans Fingers)
• Multinucleated
• Halimeda
• Calcareous alga

Codium
Halimeda
19
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

• Fucus (Rockweeds)
• Intertidal and subtidal species Ecologically
  important
• Laminaria (Kelp)
• Some species consist of a single blade
• Commonly used for food
• Postelsia (Sea Palm)
• Usually on exposed rocky shorelines

Laminaria
Padina
Laminaria
Fucus
Sargassum
20
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

21
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

• Egregia (Feather Boa)
• Common on rocky Pacific coast
• Pelagophycus (Elk Kelp)
• Large float

22
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

• Macrocystis (Giant Kelp)
• May reach 100 m and grow up to 50 cm day-1
• Most common in cold water

23
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

• Macrocystis (Giant Kelp)
• May reach 100 m and grow up to 50 cm day-1
• Most common in cold water

24
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

• Kelp Forests

25
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Red Algae (Rhodophyta)

• Common in shallow water
• Contain accessory pigments called phycobilins
• Structurally less complex than brown algae
• May be heterotrophic or parasitic
• Some incorporate calcium carbonate into tissues
  (Why?)
• Coralline red algae
• Many are commercially important

Sebdenia
Porphyra
Halimeda
26
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Life History of Alga

27
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Life History of Alga

28
Multicellular Algae - Seaweed

1. Economic Uses of Kelp

• Food Source
• Products
• Phycocolloids
• Algin (Extracted from kelp harvested with boats)
• Carrageenan (Extracted from red algae)
• Emulsifier for dairy products, toothpaste,
  puddings
• Agar (Extracted from red algae)
• Used to form jellies, thicken mixtures
• Preserves, pharmaceutical applications
• Other
• Fertilizers, additives in animal feeds

29
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

1. Seagrasses (50 60 species)

• Not true grasses (related to lilies)
• Roots, stems and shoots grow from horizontal
  rhizome
• Flowers typically small and inconspicuous (Why?)

30
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

1. Seagrasses (50 60 species)

• Eelgrass (Zostera) Temperate Atl, Pac Tropical
  Pac

Eelgrass (Zostera marina)
31
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

1. Seagrasses (50 60 species)

1. Surf grass (Phyllospadix) Temperate Pac

Surf Grass (Phyllospadix scouleri)
32
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

1. Seagrasses (50 60 species)

• Turtle grass (Thalassia) Tropical

33
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

1. Salt Marshes

• Cord grass (Spartina)
• Pickleweed (Salicornia)

Spartina
Salicornia
34
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

1. Salt Marshes

• Cord grass (Spartina)
• Pickleweed (Salicornia)

Spartina
Salicornia
35
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

1. Mangroves

36
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

1. Mangroves vs Salt Marshes