River Civilizations (An Research Overview)

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River Civilizations(An Research Overview)

• Submitted by
• C. Stephen Ingraham
• 2008

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Performance Assessment

• Create a tri-fold travel brochure and present it
  to the class. Your project must include the
  natural characteristics that define the region
  known as the Middle East (either past or
  present), relative and absolute location,
  climate. Culture. Ecosystems, and technology.

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Travel Brochure Research Topics
Textbook Topics Ancient Mesopotamia Encyclopedia
p. 70 Assyria pp. 784-787 p. 69
Babylon pp. 9-12 p. 69 King Hammurabi pp.
33-4 p. 62 70 Maps of Mesopotamia p. 346 p.
61 Mesopotamia pp. 345-6
------- Seven Wonders pp. 253-6 p.61 Sumer pp
. 778-9 pp. 61 66 Inventions/Innovation
s The Modern World ------ Modern Iraq
(map) p. 327 ------ Climate/Rainfall/Temp. pp.
324-9
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Essential Questions

• Where and how did ancient civilizations begin?
• In what ways are ancient civilizations similar?
  In what ways are they different?
• What impact did cultural beliefs have on the
  formation of religions?
• How did religion and philosophical thinking
  affect the development of civilization?
• For what reasons do religious and philosophical
  differences cause conflict among cultures?
• How did the agricultural revolution change
  civilizations?
• What economic systems existed in ancient
  civilization?
• What governmental structures emerged in ancient
  civilizations?
• What evidence of culture clashes exist today?
• What constitutes a civilization?

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Social Studies Block ___ Name
_______________________Mr. Ingraham Ms. Holmes
Date ____________

• RIVER CIVILIZATIONS
  Table of Contents

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This is how Mullen students roll.

• We are always on time to class
• We come prepared to learn.
• We always allow other students to learn.
• We respect the personal space of others.

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The Fertile Crescent Song

• Let me tell you of a civilization Sung
  to the tune of The Brady Bunch
• Sumer, Sumer was its name
• It was between the Tigris and Euphrates,
• but it was not alone.
• There came along a mighty king,
• Sargon, the Akkadian was the name.
• He united all who feared him.
• You join or youre insane.
• Still later came King Hammurabi
• With his mighty long code of laws.
• Even later came the Assyrian Army
• Led by Sennacherib the destroyer,
• Who crushed and killed
• And stole until the Persians came along and
  conquered him.

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Prime Meridian
40 N
O
Tropic of Cancer
23 30 N
O
20 N

Equator

1. S

Tropic of Capricorn
23 30 S
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Asia
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
Taurus Mountains
Nineveh
Zagros Mountains
Tigris River
Mediterranean Sea
Assur
Mesopotamia
Babylon
Euphrates River
Ur
Persian Gulf
Jerusalem
Syrian Desert
Africa
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Mesopotamian Vocabulary

• Civilization a culture with well developed
  forms of government, religion, writing, and
  learning.
• Technology- the use of tools and skills to make a
  product or achieve a goal.
• Ziggurat- a huge mud-brick temple in each
  city-state.
• Government- an organized system that groups use
  to make laws and decisions.
• City-state- a city or village and the farm lands
  around it with its own leaders and government.
• Monarchy- a government which has one person with
  complete right to rule in peacetime and in war.
• Authority- right to rule.
• Surplus- extra supply.
• Merchant- a person who buys and sells goods for a
  living
• Social class- groups within a civilization with
  different levels of importance.
• Scribe- a person who knows how to read and
  write..
• Innovation- new ways of doing things.

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Mesopotamian Vocabulary 2

• Conquer to take over the land of others.
• Empire- a land of many conquered people and
  places governed by one ruler.
• Emperor- the ruler of an empire.
• Taxation- the support of a government where
  people were required to pay taxes in crops or
  other goods or services they produced.
• Code of Hammurabi- a collection of 282 laws that
  dealt with almost every aspect of Mesopotamian
  life.
• Equal Justice- fair treatment under the law
  within each social class.
• Polytheism The belief in many supreme beings or
  gods
• Monotheism- the belief in one supreme being or
  god.
• Covenant- an agreement.
• Ten Commandments- a set of laws for responsible
  behavior.
• Judaism the religion of the Jewish people.
• Torah- The first five books of the Bible of the
  Israelites.
• Colony- a settlement separated from, but under
  the control of, a home country.
• Cultural diffusion- the spreading of new ideas to
  other places.
• Barter- the exchange of one good or service for
  another.
• Money economy- an economic system based on the
  use of money rather than on barter.

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Mesopotamia

• The Fertile Crescent- the land between the Tigris
  and Euphrates Rivers.
• 1) Villages became cities and societies
  became more complex
• 2) Cultures form Civilizations- society with
  developed under one
• Government, Religious belief, writing system,
  and Learning
• A/F. New Inventions Innovations
• canals, dikes, wheel, cart, domestication of
  animals, igu (acre), cargo ships with sails,
  cuneiform
• E. Changing Economy
• 1) About 3000 B.C. Sumerian city-states had huge
  populations.
• 2) Ur had 30,000 people.
• 3) Successful agriculture surplus, or extra
  supply (of food). Therefore
• a) not everyone had to grow or find food.
• b) This allowed a division of labor. Besides
  farmers, there were managers, craftworkers,
  and merchants.
• 4) Merchants people who bought and sold goods
  for a living. They
• traded surplus wheat, barley, and copper
  tools for wood, salt,
• precious stones, raw copper.

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• F. Divisions in Society
• 1) Social Classes groups with different levels
  of importance
• King
• Nobles Priests Leaders
• Middle Class
• Merchants, Craftworkers, Managers, carpenters,
  potters, bricklayers, scribes
• 2) Scribe, or a person who could write, kept
  records, wrote letters for others,
• 
  copied songs, stories.
• Lowest Class
• Laborers, Unskilled workers, and
  Slaves
• 3) Men owned most of the property held
  positions of leadership.
• A. Causes and Effects of Conflict.
• 1) Because the city-states grew in size and
  population, agricultural societies
• wage war to protect farmland water
  rights.
• 2) Because the Tigris Euphrates river valley
  is flat with no natural
• boundaries, city-states put up pillars.
• 3) Because powerful city-states destroy or move
  the pillars, more wars are
• fought.
• 4) Because more wars are being fought, new
  technology or better weapons are

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• B. Sargon the Conqueror
• 1) The Warrior Sargon from the city-state of
  Kish is the first to conquer, or take
• over, the land of others.
• 2) He established a vast empire, or a
  conquered land of many peoples and
• places governed by one ruler, or
  emperor.
• 3) Sargon
• a) built a capital city called Akkad and ruled
  for 55 years.
• b) maintained a standing army.
• c) appointed loyal nobles as governors to
  maintain control of all 12 city-states
• C. Hammurabi the Lawgiver
• 1) Hammurabi becomes king of the city-state of
  Babylon.
• 2) He promoted trade by building dikes and
  canals and established taxation, or
• people supporting government by payment
  in crops or other goods.
• 3) Hammurabis most important contribution was a
  collection of laws, given to
• him by the sun god Shamash called the
  Code of Hammurabi (282 laws)
• a) The code said that whoever caused an
  injury should be punished
• by being given that same injury.
• b) Equal Justice, or fair treatment was limited
  to equality within each social class.

War Peace in the Fertile Crescent
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Religious Philosophical Thinking of Mesopotamia

• Code of Hammurabi 282 laws providing equal
  justice.
• Teaches An eye for an eye and a tooth for a
  tooth.
• Ten Commandments a set of laws given to Moses
  for
• responsible behavior for Judaism.
• Teaches To obey one god and how to live justly
  and keep families strong.
• Polytheism of the Ancient Mesopotamians Many
  gods of nature
• Teaches If bad things happen the gods are angry
  if good thing happen they arent.
• Judaism The religion of the Jewish people based
  on the belief of the one god, Yahweh.
• Teaches Gods good qualities must be imitated by
  his people.
• Islam The religion of the Muslims based on the
  belief of the one god, Allah.
• Teaches Muslim must submit to gods will and
  follow the Quran and Muhammads example.
• Christianity a religion based to the life and
  teaching of
• Jesus Christ, a Jewish Rabi.
• Teaches To love your neighbor as yourself.

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Early Egypt Song Sung to Mary has a
little Lamb The Nile River gives Egypt
life Water for the crops And fertile silt King
Narmer unites us all Upper and lower Egypt Our
pharaoh is the son of Ra Pharaoh Zoser asked
Imhotep To build a pyramid For his tomb and
decorate it with Hieroglyphics and
gold. Amenemhet becomes the pharaoh He conquers
Nubia and Kush is tamed. Merchants and
craftworkers Form the middle class. Pharaoh
Thutmose crushed the Hyksos. Egypt extends to
the Fertile Crescent But Amenhotep and
Nefertiti Want all to worship the one god,
Aton, But the boy King Tut changes that (and
thats a chapter three fact.) By
Mr. Ingraham
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Egyptian Vocabulary

• desertification Any change of fertile land into
  desert, whether caused by climate or human
  actions..
• silt- fine bits of rock and soil.
• Irrigate to supply land with water by
  artificial means.
• predict- to tell ahead of time.
• dynasty- a series of rulers from the same family.
• pharaoh -an Egyptian King.
• edicts the commands or directions of one. in
  authority.
• Hieroglyphics an Egyptian picture writing system
• papyrus- a paper like material.
• pyramid- a tomb for a dead Egyptian ruler or
  noble.
• mummy a dead body which has been preserved.
• peasants people who farmed the land.
• obelisk- an ancient monument consisting of a
  single pillar of stone.
• annex- to take over.
• independence complete freedom.
• Trading network- a group of buyers and sellers
  working together.

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III. The Nile Source of Innovation

• 1. 365 day calendar divided the year into three
  parts
• a) Inundation spring flooding of the
  Nile River
• deposits silt or fine bits of rock soil
• b) Emergence plow plant (the plants
  appear)
• c) Drought water harvest the crops
• 2. Irrigation through dams, dikes, retention
  ponds.
• 3. Mummification
• 4. Pyramids tombs
• 5. Hieroglyphics writing of 700 different
  symbol pictures.
• 6. Papyrus paper made from reeds

Pharaoh
Priests Nobles
MIDDLE CLASS Merchants, Scribes,
Craftworkers
Unskilled Laborers Peasant Farmers Slaves
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Religious Philosophical Thinking of Egypt

• 1. Religion Polytheism Like many ancient
  peoples the Egyptians used stories about their
  gods to explain nature. For example
• a) Amon-Ra was the sun god who was born each
  day and died each night.
• b) Osiris taught the Egyptians farming.
• c) Horus, the son of Osiris, ruled the sky.
• d) Isis, was the wife of Horus.
• 2. The Egyptians also believed their pharaoh, or
  king, was a god in human form.
• 3. Change during the New Kingdom 1686- 1085
• Pharaoh Amenhotep Queen Nefertiti worship one
  god, Aton monotheism
• King Tutankhamen (Tut) returns to polytheism.

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China Song (Chapter 5)
Sung to The Adams Family
The Zhou claimed the mandate the peasant-farmers
cant wait to use their iron weapons to seal the
Shang dynastys fate. Roads, Dams,
Canals! Confucius says a guide for society is
just like anyones family. No matter what you
happen to be everyone has responsibility Courtesy
, Kindness, Charity! The Legalism of the Qin
Shi Huangdi says everyone should fear me. My
great wall shows my authority built upon the
peasants misery. Tears, Cruelty,
Punishment!
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China Song (Continued)


Sung to The Adams Family
The Han Gao Zu said he knew to be respected
keep the people true. No harsh law or treatment
cruel and all the people will follow
you. Trade, Exports, Profits! The Daoism is
taught by Emperor Wu Di to accept whatever life
gives to thee. Now cause and effect is
history and trade brings new technology. Wheelbar
row, seismograph, Paper! Ancient China always
tried to strive to keep the peasants working and
alive and every way each dynasty tried is all
contained in chapter five!!!!
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Vocabulary of China

• legends stories handed down from earlier times.
• mandate- or order to rule.
• Mandate of Heaven- the right of a Chinese leader
  to rule given to him by the gods.
• ancestors- dead relatives further back than
  grandparents.
• oracles a person who gives wise advise.
• pictographs drawings that were combined to make
  thousands of Chinese words.
• heritage a set of ideas that has been passed
  down from one generation to another.
• militia- a group made of volunteer soldiers.
• virtues- good qualities.
• Public works structures built by the government
  for everyones use.
• philosopher a person who studies the meaning of
  life.
• responsibilities- a persons duties.
• Confucianism- the ideas and teaching of the
  philosopher Confucius.

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Vocabulary of China 2

• Legalism the idea that people obey their rulers
  out of fear and not out of respect.
• standardization- the making of all things of a
  certain type alike.
• bureaucracy a network of appointed government
  officials.
• Civil war- when groups of people from the same
  place or country fight one another.
• ambassadors a person who represents a
  government.
• Civil Service the part of a bureaucracy that
  oversees the day- to-day business of running a
  government.
• Daoism the idea that the key to long life and
  happiness is to accept life as it is..
• import- to bring in goods for sale.
• export- to send out goods to be sold in other
  places.
• caravan a group of traders traveling with goods
  to be sold.
• profits money gained over the price of goods
  sold.
• Silk Road- the trade route that stretched 5,000
  miles from China to the Mediterranean Sea.

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1. A Ancient China Xia Shang Dynasties

• About 2000 BCE. Hundreds of settlements in Huang
  He River Valley
• Shang seized mandate of heaven or the authority
  to rule in 1766 BCE.
• Shang conquered 1,800 city-states with war
  chariots bronze weapons.
• Oracle bones were used to gain wise advise from
  the ancestors the gods.
• Writing called pictographs used 5,000 symbols or
  drawings to make
• thousands of words.
• 6. Only wealthy, educated Chinese could write
  hold government jobs.

B. Society of Ancient China Zhou Dynasty
Gives land To the Nobles
King
Nobles
Perform Military Service for the King
Promise to protect the peasants
Peasants
Farm the land and serve the nobles
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C. Religious Philosophical Thinking of China

• 1. Legalism used by Qin Shi Huangdi as a basis
  for the government of his dynasty.
• Teaches People obey their rulers out of fear of
  punishment and not respect. Harsh treatment is
  the only way to bring peace and wealth to China
• 2. Confucianism Kung Fu Zi (Confucius)
• There are five virtues charity, kindness,
  hardwork, good faith, and courtesy.
• Teaches A good society is like a family where
  all members know their responsibilities.
• 3. Daoism used by Emperor Wu Di with the ideas
  of Confucianism.
• Teaches the key to long life and happiness is to
  accept life as it is.
• D. The Han Dynastys Golden Age The Silk Road
• 1. Peace brought new technology inventions
  wheelbarrow, seismograph, paper, printing,
  crossbow, gunpowder, fireworks, crossbow
• 2. Caravans traded with other civilized
  people.
• a) exported silk, apricots, iron, bronze goods
• b) imported gold, ivory, wool, linen,
  grapevines, horses

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Indias Chapter 6 Song
The Aryans migrate South Through the mountain
pass of Hindu Kush. Into the Indus Valley Using
their horses to fight for land. Believing in
Hinduisms reincarnation means rebirth. The next
lifes social position show your worth, But now
your caste is unchanging. So dont associate with
the low one. Being an Untouchable is no
fun!!!! Unless youre a believer in Buddha and
seek love, truth, and knowledge. Whats it to
ya? Unselfish behavior all the time. (Bomb Ba
Bomba Chorus) Now I know these chapter 6 facts,
Ill be fine. By Mr. Ingraham
Sung to Meet the Flintstones
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Indias Chapter 6 (Song verse
2)
The Rajahs rule the Indian city-states Until a
young Chandragupta Maurya, Like the Qin Shi
Huangdi the young Chandraguptas known for
cruelty. Father and son rule with a firm
hand, but grandson Asoka discovers wars dont
make the man. Non-violence and no caste
system Becomes his new plan. The Gupta unites
India once again. Indias golden age soon
begins. Arabic numerals make math now base 10. Do
you believe in Buddha? Seeking love, truth, and
knowledge. Whats it to ya? Unselfish behavior
all the time. (Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus) Now I
know these chapter 6 facts, Ill be fine. By
Mr. Ingraham
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Vocabulary of India

• subcontinent A large land area isolated from
  the rest of a continent
• inscription- a written message.
• Aryans- the earliest warriors and herders who
  immigrated from central Asia to India.
• Sanskrit-the Aryan language.
• Vedas the Aryan holy books.
• reincarnation the belief that the soul lives on
  after death and returns to life in a new body.
• Hinduism a religion that believes in three gods
  Brahma, the creator Vishnu, the preserver and
  Shiva, the destroyer.
• caste- an unchanging group within a society.
• untouchables- the people thought to be impure and
  below all of Indian castes.
• Buddhism the religion based on the teachings of
  Siddhartha Gautama.

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The Caste System India Society
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Vocabulary of India 2

• rajahs Indian princes who ruled over large
  city-states
• assassination murder for a political reason.
• Turning point a time of important change .
• missionaries religious teachers who help spread
  ideas to other areas.
• Arabic numerals a base ten number system using
  1-9 and zero.
• inoculation giving people a mild form of a
  disease to prevent them from getting sick with a
  more serious form.
• Persian Bonus Vocabulary
• Cavalry soldiers who rode horses and camels to
  make swift attacks.
• Tribute yearly payments to a king or an
  emperor.
• Couriers pony-express-like riders for
  delivering messages.
• Prophet a person who others believe speaks or
  writes with a divine message from god.
• Zoroastrianism the belief in two gods Ahura
  Mazda, the god of truth and Ahriman, the evil
  enemy.

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Religious Philosophical Thinking of India

• Hinduism Ancient Aryan Religion which worships
  three main gods Brahma, the creator Vishnu, the
  preserver and Shiva, the destroyer.
• Teaches People are born into an unchanging
  group within society. They can only associate
  with members of the same caste. If they live a
  good life they will be reincarnated, or come to
  life in a new body, in a higher caste.
• Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama reaction to the
  Caste System and harsh treatment under Hinduism.
• Teaches People should seek love, truth, the joy
  of knowledge, and a calm mind.

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IV. Kush Egypts Rival
Other African Kingdoms
Mediterranean Sea
Asia
Red Sea
Nile River
Africa
Nubia
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IV. Kush Egypts Rival
A. Early People of Nubia 1. Nubia extends along
Egypts southern border into modern Sudan. 2.
The people of Nubia lived like the Egyptians.
a) About 6,000 BC. They lived in clans as
herders and farmers. b) The Nubians worshipped
Egyptian gods. 3. About 2000 BC. they developed
into a civilization and built canals. a) They
traded gold, hardwoods, animal tusks, and huge
granite blocks for Egyptians
goods. b) These blocks were used to build
obelisks, or ancient towering
monuments made of a single stone of granite. 4.
During the Egyptian Middle Kingdom the pharaoh
moved to annex, or take over, northern
Nubia and make it part of Egypt. B. Kush 1. When
the Hyksos took over upper Egypt, Nubia gained
its independence, or complete freedom,
from Egypt. 2. Kerma becomes the capital of the
Kushite government. 3. It also becomes a trading
center for central and southern Africa. a) To
the North they traded for Egyptians goods. b)
To the South they traded for gold, salt,
elephants, rhinoceros horns,
spices, and slaves. c) Kermass busy markets
made the government wealthy.
Mediterranean Sea
Asia
Red Sea
Nile River
Africa
Nubia
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IV. Kush Egypts Rival
Mediterranean Sea
Asia
C. Conquest of Egypt 1. About 750 BC King Kasha
of Kush takes over Upper Egypt. 2. His son
Piankhi conquers lower Egypt. 3. Piankhis
brother claims the pharaohs throne in Thebes and
begins a new dynasty. The Kushite
pharaohs rebuild and strenghten Egypt. D. Early
Ironworkers 1. About 670 BC. Invaders from the
Fertile Crescent gained control of the
Nile Valley. 2. Kushite leaders establish a new
capital at Meroe, where Kushite
civilization begins again. They a) invent
their own 23 letter alphabet. b) reestablish a
trading network, or group of buyers and sellers.
c) discover and mine iron ore. d) have iron
workers melt down iron ore and have craftworkers
use the metal to make iron
tools and weapons. 3. Meroe becomes Africas
earliest iron working center. 4. About 350 AD.
The kingdom of Axum conquers Kush.
Red Sea
Nile River
Africa
Nubia
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Religious development of the Middle East

• Abram breaks with the religious thinking of his
  neighbors and
• begins worshipping one supreme god (Monotheism).
• He changes his name to Abraham, which means
  father of many nations.
• a) Abrahams son Isaac is the father of the
  Jewish people.
• 1) Judaism The religion of the Jewish people
  based on the belief of the one god,
• Yahweh.
• Teaches Gods good qualities must be
  imitated by his people.
• 2) Christianity a religion based to the life and
  teaching of
• Jesus Christ, a Jewish Rabi.
• Teaches To love your neighbor as yourself.
• b) Abrahams son Ishmael is the father of the
  Arab people.
• Muhammad, an Arab, is the founder of Islam.
  Muslims are his followers.
• Islam The religion of the Muslims based on the
  belief of the one god, Allah.
• Teaches Muslim must submit to gods will and
  follow their holy book the Quran
• and Muhammads example. The religious successors
  to Muhammad are called
• caliphs, but whom to follow caused divisions.
• Shiite Muslims stayed loyal to the descendants of
  the fourth caliph, Alis dynasty
• Sunni Muslims accepted the changing dynasties of
  Muhammads successors.

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The influence of Religion on three
continents
Buddhism Missionaries Spread the teachings of
Siddhartha Gautama throughout Asia and Japan.
EUROPE
CHRISTIANITY
ASIA
Muslim Merchants spread the teachings of Islam.
JUDAISM
HINDUISM
Merchants and Missionaries spread religious ideas
to other places. This adapting of customs and
ideas from one culture to another is known as
cultural borrowing.
AFRICA
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TRADE
Chinese Silk Road By 106 B.C.E. the first camel
caravan headed west from China with a load of
Silk. No one knew the secrets of making Silk,
which gave the Chinese a monopoly. They made
huge profits in gold, ivory, wool, linen,
grapevines, And horses. African Salt Trade By
700 C.E. an African tribe, the Soninkes,
had taken over much of the West African
grasslands. To the south they traded with
another tribe the Wangaras for gold. Then they
traded with Muslim merchants the gold for salt.
Salt was important to season and preserve food.
Some of the salt they traded back to the
Wangaras for more gold. Other European goods such
as paper, woven cloth, and perfumes were also
traded. With this trading network the Soninkes
made a profit at both ends of the trading cycle
and they grew rich and powerful.
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The influence of the Muslim trading network and
the the spread of Islam on three continents
The Silk Road 5,000 miles from China to the
Mediterranean Sea
ASIA
EUROPE
The Salt Trade 3,000 miles from the
Mediterranean Sea to The West African
Savanna
Trade was more important than just the exchange
of needed goods. It allowed for the spreading of
new ideas and technology to other places. This
flow of ideas and knowledge is called cultural
diffusion.
AFRICA
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Performance AssessmentA News Presentation to the
class

• Your presentation will take the form of a TV news
  cast.
• This is what is needed
• A large map locating your presentations
  civilization.
• An explanation of your civilizations government
  
• proving it had leadership.
• 3) An explanation of your civilizations beliefs
• proving it had religion.
• 4) An explanation of your civilizations
  innovations and
• inventions proving it had knowledge.
• 5) An explanation and description of your
  civilizations
• writing system.
• Remember Your groups 5 questions must be covered
  in your presentation.

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How to set up your notebook for research
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Performance Assessment
Textbook Research
Religion
Leadership
Knowledge
Writing
People
The Role of Government pp. 63-4 Sargon the
Conqueror pp. 68-9
Architecture and Religious Beliefs pp. 62-3
The Alphabet pp. 75-6
New Inventions p. 61 Innovations p. 66
Sargon Hammurabi Sennacherib
Mesopotamia
Source of Religion p. 96 The Old Kingdom pp.
100-1
King Narmer Pharaoh Zoser Hatshepsut Amenhotep
IV King Tut
The Early Period pp. 98-100
Source of Innovation pp. 95-6
Unity for the Egyptians pp. 96-7
Egypt
The City of Mohenjo-Daro pp. 122-3 The Golden
Age of India pp. 190-1
City People p. 124 Hinduism (Sanskrit) pp.
176-7
Siddhartha Gautama Chandragupta Maurya Asoka
Maurya
The Caste System p.177 Indias First
Empire p. 187-8
Hinduism pp. 176-7 The origins of Buddhism pp.
178-9
India

The Ideas of Confucius p. 158-9 The Golden
Age pp. 168-9
King Wu Qin Shi Huangdi Han Goa Zu Confucius
The Shang Dynasty pp. 128-9 Rule of Shi
Huanghi p. 161-2
Oracle Bones pp. 129-130
Shang Writing pp. 130-1
China
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SynergyThe product of a group is greater than
any individual of that group..

• 1) The Leader reads his/her Leadership notes
  while the other group members copy any items
  mentioned they dont have.
• 2) Another member of the group then reads his/her
  Leadership notes and the other group members
  copy any items they dont have.
• 3) Rotation continues until all members have read
  their Leadership notes.

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Time Line Practice
2,000 C.E.
3,000 B.C.E.
2,000 B.C.E.
4,000 B.C.E.
1,000 B.C.E.
5,000 B.C.E.
1,000 C.E.
B.C.E C.E. 0
2007 C.E.
52
Time Line Practice

• Place the following on this timeline
• 1) 5,100 years ago King Narmer unites Upper and
  Lower Egypt
• 2) 4,650 years ago the Egyptians built the first
  pyramid.
• 3) 4,500 years ago cities rise in the Indus
  Valley.
• 4) 4,300 years ago merchants trade between the
  Indus Valley and Mesopotamia.
• 5) 3,800 years ago the Shang Dynasty gains
  control of China.
• 6) 3,465 years ago the Egyptian Empire expands
  to its largest size.
• 2,750 years ago Kush conquers upper Egypt.
• Hint Remember it is now 2007 C.E., but why not
  use 2,000?

2,000 C.E.
3,000 B.C.E.
2,000 B.C.E.
4,000 B.C.E.
1,000 B.C.E.
5,000 B.C.E.
1,000 C.E.
B.C.E C.E. 0
2007 C.E.
53
II. Egyptian Society during the Middle Kingdom
Mediterranean Sea
Asia
Pharaoh
Nile River
Africa
Priests Nobles
MIDDLE CLASS Merchants, Scribes,
Craftworkers
Red Sea
Unskilled Laborers Peasant Farmers Slaves
Nubia
CSI07
54
III. Egyptian Kingdoms
Mediterranean Sea
Asia

• The Old Kingdom 2686- 2181 BCE
• The Age of the pyramids pharaohs tombs
• a) Stacked mastabas stepped pyramid
• b) Geometric straight sided square pyramids
• built in the land of the dead at Giza.
• The Middle Kingdom 1991 1786 BCE
• Amenemhet conquered Nubia Egypt is an Empire
• Middle class develops Craftworkers, Merchants,
  Scribes
• The Hyksos attack with war chariots and conquer
  Egypt
• The New Kingdom 1686- 1085
• Pharaoh Thutmose I retakes Egypt from the Hyksos
• Pharoah Thutmose III invades Nubia the Fertile
  Crescent
• Amenhotep Nefertiti worship one god, Aton
  monotheism
• King Tutankhamen (Tut) returns to polytheism.
• Egypt weakens and is ruled by outsiders.

Red Sea
Nile River
Africa
Nubia
CSI07
55
(No Transcript)
56
Bonus Question5 Points
What is the belief in two gods Ahura Mazda, the
god of truth and Ahriman, the evil enemy
called. w) Hinduism x) Buddhism y) Judaism
z) Zoroastrianism