Ch. 12-1

1
Chapter 12

• Giving Oral Presentations

2
Preparing an Oral Presentation

• Identify your purpose.
• Decide what you want your audience to believe,
  remember, or do when you finish.
• Aim all parts of your talk toward your purpose.

3
Preparing an Oral Presentation

• Understand your audience.
• Anticipate their reactions and make adaptations.
• Consider age, education, experience, and size of
  audience.

4
Preparing an Oral Presentation

• Organize for Impact.
• Collect information and organize logically.
• Remember these steps
• 1. Tell them what youre going to say.
• Say it.
• Tell them what youve just said.

5
Preparing an Oral Presentation

• Capture attention in the introduction.
• Get the audience involved.
• Capture attention by opening with a promise,
  story, startling fact, question, or quotation.
• Establish your credibility by identifying your
  position, expertise, knowledge, or
  qualifications.
• Introduce your topic.
• Preview the main points.

6
Preparing an Oral Presentation

• Organize the body of your presentation.
• Develop two to four main points. Streamline your
  topic and summarize its principal parts.
• Arrange the points logically chronologically,
  from most important to least by comparison and
  contrast or by some other strategy.
• Prepare transitions. Use "bridge" statements
  between major points. (I've just discussed three
  reasons for X now I want to move to Y.) Use
  verbal signposts however, for example, etc.

7
Preparing an Oral Presentation

• Organize the body of your presentation.
• Have extra material ready. Be prepared with more
  information and visuals if needed.
• Summarizing in the conclusion.
• Review your main points.
• Provide a final focus. Tell how listeners can use
  this information, why you have spoken, or what
  you want them to do.
• Use an anecdote, inspiring quotation, or a
  statement.

8
Types of Verbal Support
9
Types of Verbal Support
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Types of Verbal Support
11
Effective Imagery

• Analogies
• Metaphors
• Similes
• Personal anecdotes

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Effective Imagery

• Personalized statistics
• Worst- and best-case scenarios
• Examples

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Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience
Attention

• A promise
• "By the end of my talk, you will . . . . "
• Drama
• Tell a moving story describe a problem.
• Eye contact
• Command attention at the beginning by making eye
  contact with as many people as possible.

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Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience
Attention

• Movement
• Leave podium area. Move toward audience.
• Questions
• Ask for show of hands. Use rhetorical questions.
• Demonstrations
• Include member of audience.

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Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience
Attention

• Samples, gimmicks
• Award prizes to volunteer participants pass out
  samples.
• Visuals
• Use a variety of graphics and visual aids.
• Self-interest
• Audience members want to know "What's in it for
  me?"

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Designing and Using Graphics

• Select the medium carefully.
• Consider the size of audience and degree of
  formality desired.
• Consider cost, ease of preparation, and
  potential effectiveness.

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Designing and Using Graphics

• Highlight main ideas.
• Focus on major concepts only.
• Avoid overkill. Showing too many graphics reduces
  their effectiveness.
• Keep all visuals simple.
• Consider cost, ease of preparation, and
  potential effectiveness.

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Designing and Using Graphics

• Ensure visibility.
• Use large type for transparencies and slides.
• Position the screen high enough to be seen.
• Be sure all audience members can see.

19
Designing and Using Graphics

• Enhance comprehension.
• Give the audience a moment to study a visual
  before discussing it.
• Paraphrase its verbal message dont read.

20
Designing and Using Graphics

• Practice using your visual aids.
• Rehearse your talk, perfecting your handling of
  the visual aids.
• Talk to your audience and not to the visual aid.

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Tips for Choosing Colours in Visuals.

• Develop a colour palette of five or fewer
  colours.
• Use the same colour for similar elements.
• Use dark text on a light background for
  presentations in bright rooms.

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Tips for Choosing Colours in Visuals.

• Use light text on a dark background for
  presentations in darkened rooms.
• Use dark text on a light background for
  transparencies.
• Beware of light text on light backgrounds and
  dark text on dark backgrounds.

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Tips for Preparing and Using Slides

• Keep visuals simple.
• Use same font size and style for similar
  headings.
• No more than seven words on a line.
• Four total lines, plus a title.

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Tips for Preparing and Using Slides

• Be sure that everyone can see the slides.
• Show a slide
• Allow the audience to read it
• Then paraphrase it.
• Do NOT read from slide.

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Conquering Stage Fright

• Breathe deeply.
• Convert your fear into anticipation and
  enthusiasm.
• Know your topic.
• Use positive self-talk.
• Shift the spotlight to your visual aids.

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Conquering Stage Fright

• Ignore any stumbles keep going.
• Dont apologize.
• Feel proud when you finish.

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Eight Serious Speech Blunders

• Being dull. Relying on only one or two
  illustrations to make your points.
• Not repeating your main point often enough.
• Not answering the audience's most pressing
  question "What's in it for me?"
• Failing to use signal phrases to focus on main
  points.

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Eight Serious Speech Blunders

• Neglecting to time your presentation and practice
  it out loud.
• Forgetting to check your visual aids for
  readability.
• Answering hypothetical questions after the
  presentation.
• Getting distracted just before you speak.

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Before Your Presentation

• Prepare thoroughly.
• Rehearse repeatedly.
• Time yourself.
• Request a lectern.

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Before Your Presentation

• Check the room.
• Greet members of the audience.
• Practice stress reduction.

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During Your Presentation

• Begin with a pause.
• Present your first sentence from memory.
• Maintain eye contact.
• Control your voice and vocabulary.

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During Your Presentation

• Put the brakes on.
• Move naturally.
• Use visual aids effectively.
• Avoid digressions.
• Summarize your main points.

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After Your Presentation

• Distribute handouts.
• Encourage questions.
• Repeat questions.
• Reinforce your main points.

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After Your Presentation

• Keep control.
• Avoid Yes, but . . . answers.
• End with a summary and appreciation.

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Presentation Enhancers
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Presentation Enhancers
37
Designing and Using Graphics

• Select the medium carefully.
• Consider the size of the audience and the degree
  of formality desired.
• Consider cost, ease of preparation, and potential
  effectiveness.

38
Designing and Using Graphics

• Highlight main ideas.
• Focus on major concepts only.
• Avoid overkill. Showing too many graphics reduces
  their effectiveness.
• Keep all visuals simple.

39
Designing and Using Graphics

• Ensure visibility.
• Use large type for transparencies and slides.
• Position the screen high enough to be seen.
• Be sure all audience members can see.
• Enhance comprehension.
• Give the audience a moment to study a visual
  before discussing it.
• Paraphrase its verbal message don't read it.

40
Designing and Using Graphics

• Practice using your visual aids.
• Rehearse your talk, perfecting your handling of
  the visual aids.
• Talk to your audience and not to the visual aid.

41

• End