A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be. -Abraham Maslow

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A musician must make music, an artist must paint,
a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at
peace with himself.What a man can be, he must
be.-Abraham Maslow
Can you tell me what Maslow is describing?
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Abraham MASLOW
key name
1908-1970

• Maslows Hierarchy of Needs - our most basic
  needs must be met before we can be our best self
  

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David McCLELLAND
key name
1917-1998

• Achievement Motivation
• demonstrated that people with a high need for
  achievement choose moderate to difficult tasks

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Walter CANNON Philip BARD
key name
1898-1971 1871-1945

• We experience the physical (heart racing) and the
  emotional ("I feel excited") at the SAME TIME

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Stanley SCHACTER
key name
1922-1997

• Two factor theory of emotion
• - we experience the physical (heart racing) and
  give it a cognitive label ("this is scary") and
  this produces our emotions

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Konrad LORENZ
key name
1903-1989

• Asserted that aggressive impulses, are to a
  degree, innate.

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Theories of Emotion

• Does your heart pound because you are afraid...
  or are you afraid because you feel your heart
  pounding?

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3 Major Theories of Emotion

• James-Lange
• Cannon-Bard
• Schacter - Two Factor (also referred to as
  Schacter-Singer)

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James-Lange Theory of Emotion

• A Physiological Response causes the Emotion

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Support for James-Lange

• Subjects report feeling more sad when viewing
  scenes of war, sickness, and starvation if their
  sad face muscles are activated.
• They also find comic strips funnier if their
  happy face muscles are activated.

This is called the facial feedback effect
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Criticism of James-Lange
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Cannon-BardTheory of Emotion

• The Physiological Response and the Emotion are
  experienced at the SAME TIME

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Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

• Says James-Lange theory is full of crap.
• The physiological change and the emotion occur
  simultaneously.
• They believed it was the ___________ that helped
  this happen.

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Think Two cannons firing at the same time.
Physiological change (heart rate, breathing)
Emotion
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Schachters Two Factor Theory of Emotion

• We experience the PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE and
  give it a COGNITIVE LABEL and this produces our
  emotions

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If you are in a falling vehicle heading toward
the ground at 60 mph, your autonomic reaction
would include heart racing and screaming. But if
your cognitive appraisal says you are on a
rollercoaster, then you have the emotion of fun.
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Reviewing the three theories
Emotion occurs at the same time as arousal
Emotion follows (lags behind) arousal
Arousal Cognitive label ? Emotion
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Experiencing Emotion

• Does money buy happiness?

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Experiencing Emotion

• Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
• tendency to form judgments relative to a
  neutral level
• brightness of lights
• volume of sound
• level of income
• defined by our prior experience
• Examples?
• Relative Deprivation pony example
  (http//www.youtube.com/watch?v7qb0vquRcys)
• perception that one is worse off relative to
  those with whom one compares oneself

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Happiness is...
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The Concept of Happiness

• Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon you will be
  helpful more often if you are in a good mood.
• Subjective Well Being most common measurement
  of happiness, satisfaction, and quality of life.
  Looks at physical as well as economic indicators.
  

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Emotion Application

• Christine is holding her 8 month-old baby when a
  fierce dog appears out of nowhere and, with teeth
  bared, leaps for the babys face. Christine
  immediately ducks for cover to protect the baby,
  screams at the dog, and notices that her heart is
  banging and that shes broken out in a cold
  sweat.
• How would the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and
  Two-Factor Theories explain Christines reaction?