A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be. -Abraham Maslow

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A musician must make music, an artist must paint,
a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at
peace with himself.What a man can be, he must
be.-Abraham Maslow
Can you tell me what Maslow is describing?
Self-actualization!
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Theories of Emotion

• Does your heart pound because you are afraid...
  or are you afraid because you feel your heart
  pounding?

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3 Major Theories of Emotion

• James-Lange
• Cannon-Bard
• Schacter 2 Factor (also referred to as
  Schacter-Singer)

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James-Lange Theory of Emotion

• A Physiological Response causes the Emotion

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Support for James-Lange

• Subjects report feeling more sad when viewing
  scenes of war, sickness, and starvation if their
  sad face muscles are activated.
• They also find comic strips funnier if their
  happy face muscles are activated.

This is called the facial feedback effect
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Criticism of James-Lange
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Cannon-BardTheory of Emotion

• The Physiological Response and the Emotion are
  experienced at the SAME TIME

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Think Two cannons firing at the same time.
Physiological change (heart rate, breathing)
Emotion
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Schachters Two Factor Theory of Emotion

• We experience the Physiological Response and
  give it a Cognitive Label and this produces our
  emotions

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If you are in a falling vehicle heading toward
the ground at 60 mph, your autonomic reaction
would include heart racing and screaming. But if
your cognitive appraisal says you are on a
rollercoaster, then you have the emotion of fun.
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Reviewing the three theories
Emotion occurs at the same time as arousal
Cannon-Bard
Emotion follows (lags behind) arousal
James-Lange
Arousal Cognitive label ? Emotion
Schachters Two Factor
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• Giving the Finger, the Psychology and History
  Thereof By William Weir on February 13, 2009
• For the study, 54 right-handed subjects read a
  story about a person whose behavior could be
  interpreted as either assertive or hostile. One
  group extended their forefinger while reading,
  another group extended their middle finger. The
  latter group tended to assert that person in the
  essay was hostile, rather than assertive.
• Which theory is supported by this scenario?

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Experiencing Emotion

• Does money buy happiness?

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Experiencing Emotion

• Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
• tendency to form judgments relative to a
  neutral level
• brightness of lights
• volume of sound
• level of income
• defined by our prior experience
• This is why winning the lottery would only make
  us happy for a short while. Once the novelty of
  having all that money wears off, we adapt to this
  new level of wealth (or achievement, etc.)
• Relative Deprivation pony example
• perception that one is worse off relative to
  those with whom one compares oneself

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Happiness is...
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The Concept of Happiness

• Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon you will be
  helpful more often if you are in a good mood.
• Subjective Well Being most common measurement
  of happiness, satisfaction, and quality of life.
  Looks at physical as well as economic indicators.
  

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Emotion Application

• Christine is holding her 8 month-old baby when a
  fierce dog appears out of nowhere and, with teeth
  bared, leaps for the babys face. Christine
  immediately ducks for cover to protect the baby,
  screams at the dog, and notices that her heart is
  banging and that shes broken out in a cold
  sweat.
• How would the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and
  Two-Factor Theories explain Christines reaction?