A patient has damage to several spinal nerves. Which of the major divisions of the nervous system has been damaged?

1
A patient has damage to several spinal nerves.
Which of the major divisions of the nervous
system has been damaged?

1. Central nervous system
2. Peripheral nervous system
3. Autonomic nervous system
4. All of these are correct

2
Youve just touched a hot stove. What type of
reflex did you experience___ and in what way was
your brain involved in the reflex ____?

1. Cranial/the somatosensory cortex
2. Visceral/only tracts that respond to pain
3. Complex/all the sensory tracts
4. Spinal/it was not involved at all

3
Which of the following is true concerning the
spinal cord?

1. The filum terminale is the end of the spinal
   cord.
2. The conus medullaris is a strand of fibrous
   tissue that helps support the spinal cord.
3. The spinal cord of an adult ends between L1 and
   L2.
4. The amount of grey matter in the spinal cord is
   the least at the cervical and lumbar enlargements.

4
Why are spinal nerves classified as mixed
nerves?

1. They contain both afferent and efferent fibers
2. They contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons
3. They carry mixed or conflicting information
4. Axons of the ventral root carry sensory
   information to the spinal cord and axons of the
   dorsal root control somatic and visceral effectors

5
Damage to which root of a spinal nerve would
interfere with motor function?

1. Posterior root
2. Anterior root
3. Dorsal root
4. Ventral root

6
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds
the spinal cord located?

1. Epidural space
2. Subarachnoid space
3. Above the dura mater
4. Between the pia mater and the nervous tissue of
   the brain

7
A person with polio has lost the use of his leg
muscles. In which area of his spinal cord would
you expect the virus-infected motor neurons to be?

1. anterior gray horns
2. lateral gray horns
3. posterior gray commissure
4. anterior white commissure

8
Which portion of the spinal cord would be
affected by a disease that damages myelin sheaths?

1. Sulci
2. Columns
3. Grey horns
4. Fissures

9
What is the clinical significance of dermatomes?

1. Damage to descending tracts will be reflected in
   the dermatomes.
2. Location of affected dermatomes provides clues to
   location of injury along the spinal cord
3. Damage to a corresponding spinal nerve will
   produce loss of sensation the region of skin
   supplied by a dermatome.
4. 2 and 3 are correct.

10
An anesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal
rami of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas
of the body will be affected?

1. Skin and muscles of the back of the neck
2. Skin and muscles of the shoulders
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of the above

11
Injury to which nerve plexus would interfere with
the ability to breathe ___? Which nerve is the
major nerve of this plexus?

1. Brachial plexus/long thoracic nerve
2. Cervical plexus/phrenic nerve
3. Cervical plexus/long thoracic nerve
4. Brachial plexus/pectoral nerve

12
If a patient has persistent numbness in the
medial two fingers, which nerve of the brachial
plexus has been damaged?

1. Ulnar nerve
2. Median nerve
3. Radial nerve
4. Musculocutaneous nerve

13
Damage to the long thoracic nerve would cause
paralysis to which muscle(s)?

1. Deltoid and teres minor muscles
2. Rhomboids and levator scapulae muscles
3. Latissimus dorsi muscle
4. Serratus anterior muscle

14
Compression of which nerve produces the sensation
that your leg has fallen asleep?

1. Sural nerve
2. Sciatic nerve
3. Femoral nerve
4. Tibial nerve

15
Someone with paralysis of the anterior thigh
muscles would have damage at which spinal
segments?

1. L4S4
2. T12L1
3. L2L4
4. L4S2

16
What is the minimum number of neurons in a reflex
arc?

1. One
2. Two
3. Five
4. Seven

17
Which of these is NOT an important factor
concerning reflexes?

1. They are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.
2. They preserve homeostasis by making rapid
   adjustments in the functions of organs.
3. They oppose potentially harmful changes in the
   internal or external environment.
4. They involve interaction with the cerebrum.

18
What is the term used when one presynaptic neuron
synapses with multiple postsynaptic neurons ___?
When is this useful ____?

1. Parallel processing/when information must be
   relayed in a stepwise fashion
2. Convergence/when a signal must be concentrated
3. Divergence/when broad distribution of a specific
   input is important
4. All of these are correct

19
Reflex responses usually remove or oppose the
stimulus. Therefore this type of reflexive
response would be considered an example of ____.

1. A visceral reflex
2. Negative feedback
3. A reverberating circuit
4. Avoidance feedback

20
One of the first somatic reflexes to develop is
the suckling reflex. Which type of reflex is
this?

1. Inherent reflex
2. Acquired reflex
3. Innate reflex
4. Visceral reflex

21
How would the stimulation of the muscle spindles
involved in the patellar (knee-jerk) reflex by
gamma motor neurons affect the speed of the
reflex?

1. Quicker reflex response
2. Slower reflex response
3. Graded reflex response
4. Inhibited reflex response

22
A weight lifter is straining to lift a 200-kg
barbell. Shortly after he lifts it to chest
height, his muscles appear to relax and he drops
the barbell. Which reflex has occurred?

1. Withdrawal reflex
2. Stretch reflex
3. Crossed extensor reflex
4. Tendon reflex

23
During a withdrawal reflex, what happens to the
limb on the side opposite the stimulus? What is
this response called?

1. Flexed/stretch reflex
2. Adducted/tendon reflex
3. Extended/crossed extensor reflex
4. Abducted/tendon reflex

24
Polysynaptic reflexes include all of the
following characteristics, except ____?

1. Involve pools of interneurons
2. Interneuron pools are contained within one spinal
   segment
3. Have reverberating circuits
4. Involve reciprocal inhibition

25
What is reinforcement as it pertains to spinal
reflexes?

1. It allows brief periods of rest between sets of
   stimuli
2. A chronic depression in spinal reflexes due to
   IPSPs
3. An enhancement of spinal reflexes due to
   postsynaptic neurons entering a state of
   facilitation
4. Strengthening of both the crossed extensor reflex
   and reciprocal inhibition

26
After injuring her back, Tina exhibits a positive
Babinski reflex. What does this imply about
Tinas injury?

1. Possible paraplegia
2. Possible damage of sensory tracts to foot
3. Possible damage of ascending tracts in spinal
   cord
4. Possible damage of descending tracts in the
   spinal cord