Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

• Chp 3

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Polymerization

• Large compounds are formed from strings of
  smaller compounds
• The small compounds are called MONOMERS
• When joined together, they are call POLYMERS
• We only have 26 letters in the alphabet, but we
  join those letters in long and short ways to make
  an infinite number of words

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Condensation (Dehydration Synthesis)
Removal of Water
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Hydrolysis (Hydration)
Addition of Water
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Carbohydrates

• Functions
• E storage (starch, glycogen)
• Structure/support (chitin, cellulose)
• Membrane receptors (glycoproteins)
• Monomers monosaccharides
• Adding monomers creates di- and polysaccharides

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GLUCOSE
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Common Disaccharide
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STORAGE Polymers

• Starch Polymer of Glucose (plants)
• Glycogen Polymer of glucose (animals)
• Structural
• Cellulose Polymer of glucose (Beta)

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Lipids

• Functions
• E storage (fats, oils)
• Membranes (phospholipids)
• Triglycerides glycerol and 3 fatty acids
• Saturated all single bonds
• Unsaturated some double bonds

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Phospholipids
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Lipids

• Sterols
• 4 interconnecting C rings
• Vitamin D, cortisone, testosterone, estrogen, and
  cholesterol
• Cholesterol produced by liver during breakdown of
  saturated fats
• Excess cholesterol can accumulate in inner lining
  of blood vessels
• Avoid too much saturated fat

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Lipids

• Waxes
• Fatty acids combined with either alcohols or
  other hydrocarbons
• Usually hard
• Water-repellent, which helps to waterproof fur,
  feathers, and leaves

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Proteins

• Functions
• Transport (hemoglobin)
• Muscle action (myosin, actin)
• Blood clotting (thrombin, fibrin)
• Support (collagen, elastin)
• Immunity (antibodies)
• Rxn catalysis (enzymes)
• Monomers amino acids

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Proteins

• Conformation 3-D structure
• 1O sequence of amino acids
• 2O H-bonds between nonadjacent carboxyl and
  amino groups
• Alpha helix
• Beta-pleated sheets
• 3O disulfide and ionic bonds between R groups
• 4OH- and ionic bonds between separate
  polypeptides

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Denature
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Chaperone Protein
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Nucleic Acids

• Functions
• Transfer of genetic information
• Monomers nucleotides
• Nucleotides
• Nitrogenous base
• 5-C sugar
• Phosphate group

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