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By-product utilization in Tomato
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Introduction
Tomato is the second most important vegetable in
the world after potato. Processing of tomato
results in generation of large amounts of wastes
or by-products i.e. seeds, skins and pulp. These
by-products generate pollution when released into
the environment. But the above mentioned
by-products are good sources of many important
bioactive substances like lycopene, ß catotene,
polyphenols, sterols, terpenes, tocopherols etc..
These bioactive compounds can be utilized as
functional ingredients or additives in
preparation of functional foods.
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By-product
By-product is a product generated / produced
during the preparation / production of something
else. eg. Mango processing operation generates
mango seeds, skin etc. Similarly citrus
processing results in release of seeds, peels,
rags, residue, etc. By-product is also sometimes
referred to waste as it is not the actual product
desired in a process. Since, this contains
important constituents, it is better called as
by-product. The focus of operation is always to
reduce the quantity of by-product, still no
system is practically so efficient to bring the
waste generation to zero.
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By-products in tomato processing
By-products
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Important bioactive compounds in tomato
by-products

• Lycopene
• ß catotene
• Polyphenols
• Sterols
• Terpenes
• Tocopherols
• Lutein

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Extraction of caroteniods from tomato wastes
Adapted from Irini F.Strati, Vassiliki
Oreopoulou, Process optimization for recovery of
carotenoids from tomato waste. http//www.icef11.
org/content/papers/few/FEW987.pdf
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Fraction of caroteniods extracted
Caroteniods
Lycopene ß carotene
Lutein
96
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Importance of Bioactive substances

• 1. Lycopene
• Lycopene is a type of naturally occurring
  pigments called caroteniods that gives a red
  color. It is found in high amounts in tomatoes.
  100 ml of tomato juice provides about 90 mg of
  lycopene.
• Lycopene is known to reduce or prevent
• heart diseases
• Hardening of arteries (atherosclerosis)
• Cancer (prostate, breast, lung, bladder, colon,
  pancreas)
• Catracts
• Asthma
• How does it work ?
• It is a powerful antioxidant that may help
  protect cells from damage.

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Importance of Bioactive substances
2. ß-CAROTENE Beta-carotene is most well known
carotenoid. Beta-carotene is a true carotene,
having no oxygen atoms in its molecular
structure. Beta-carotene is a naturally occurring
pigment with a red to orange hue that is seen
primarily in fruit and vegetables. Beta-carotene
is a pro-vitamin of vitamin A. Pro-vitamins are
precursors to a vitamin from which a certain
vitamin can be manufactured by the body.
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Importance of Bioactive substances
3. Lutein Lutein is a yellow pigment and a
member of the xanthophyll class of carotenoids
found in tomato. Lutein plays an important role
in human eyes. The retina, an area of tissue in
the back of the eye responsible for transmitting
nerve signals to the brain, has areas on it that
have high concentrations of lutein. Lutein helps
to pigment this area of the eye, making it darker
and less susceptible to macular degeneration.
Lutein may also help to prevent cataracts.
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By-product utilization in tomato

• Let us sum up
• Processing of tomato results in generation of
  large amounts of wastes or by-products i.e.
  seeds, skins and pulp.
• These by-products are good sources of many
  important bioactive substances like lycopene, ß
  catotene, polyphenols, sterols, terpenes,
  tocopherols etc..
• These bioactive compounds can be utilized as
  functional ingredients or additives in
  preparation of functional foods.
• Caroteniods may be extracted by using hexane and
  ethyl acetate as solvents
• The recovery caroteniods is about 37 mg /kg
  waste
• Lycopene, beta carotene and lutein have role in
  prevention and reduction of incidence of various
  diseases i.e. heart diseases, hardening of
  arteries (atherosclerosis), cancer (prostate,
  breast, lung, bladder, colon, pancreas),
  catracts, asthma etc.

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