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The Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of
Science Medical Technology Department
  
Capsule Stain
Eman Nife Abu Namouse220051608 Supervised
by Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama
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What is staining?

• Staining is a biochemical technique of adding a
  class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids,
  carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or
  quantify the presence of a specific compound. It
  is similar to fluorescent tagging.

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STAIN
DIFFERENTIAL STAIN
SIMPLE STAIN
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THE CAPSULE

• Capsules are structures that lay outside of an
  organism's cell wall and thus are in direct
  contact with the environment. Many, perhaps most,
  bacteria produce capsules under the right
  conditions

• Some capsules are composed of POLYALCOHOLS
  or AMINO ACID POLYMERS

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Capsules functions

1. Protect the cell from desiccation (drying))
2. Protect the cell from phagocytes (being engulfed
   by white blood cells)
3. Provide a food reserve when certain organic
   compounds are in excess.
4. A virulence determinant of pathogenic microbes
5. They serve as binding or adhesion agents for
   sticking cells together and/or to a surface such
   as a rock in flowing stream or a tooth

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WHY WE USE CAPSULE STAIN ?

• Bacterial capsules are non-ionic, so neither
  acidic nor basic stains will adhere to their
  surfaces
•  

Because most capsule materials are water soluble,
simple stains will not adhere to them
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Significant-

• The capsule is a major virulence factor in the
  major disease-causing bacteria,
• such as-
• Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter aerogenes
  (slant)
• Streptococcus lactis
• Escherichia coli

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Uses of Capsule Staining

1. Detection of dental plaque

Light micrograph of S. mutans
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2.Detection of Anthrax
B. anthracis
A lesion on the 10the day of anthrax infection
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. 3.Detection of Cataracts
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Dye use in capsule stain

• . In this stain we use acidic and basic
• Acidic dye as India Ink and Nigrosen use to
  stain the background of the slide but basic dye
  as methylene blue and crystal violet use to stain
  the cell

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Note

•   Older cultures are more likely to exhibit
  capsule production.  When performing a capsule
  stain on your unknown, be sure the culture you
  take your sample from is at least five days old

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MATERIALS

• Clean slid microscope
• India Ink and Methylene
• Wash bottle
• Bibulous paper
• Culture of bacteria
• .Sterile loop

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Capsule Staining Procedure
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Pictures of capsule stain
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Capsule stain of Streptococcus lactis.
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Capsule stain of Enterobacter aerogenes
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Bacillus megaterium capsule stain
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Reference

• http//howie.myweb.uga.edu/usage.html
• http//www.slic2.wsu.edu82/hurlbert/micro101/page
  s/101lab7.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staining_(biology)

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