BIO 1011 Dr. Lee Science Center 227 Phone: [phone] [e-mail]

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BIO 1011Dr. LeeScience Center 227Phone (610)
660-3439jlee04_at_sju.edu
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Levels of Biological Organization
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What is a cell? Discovered by Robert Hooke,
1655 Microscopic Analysis of cork sections Tiny
Chambers Cells
Wikipedia
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What is the Cell Theory?

• Cells are the universal building blocks of life
• Cells arise from pre-existing cells

What defines something as living?
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How big is a cell?
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A Sense of Scale
Figure 1-6
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01_06_What can we see.jpg
What can we see?
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What can we see?
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Metric Units

• One meter - About Three Feet
• One mm - 1/1000 of a meter
• One µm - 1/1,000,000 of a meter
• One nm - 1/1,000,000,000 of a meter
• mm 10-3 m
• µm 10-6 m
• nm 10-9 m

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How to look at cells

• Light microscopy
• Electron microscopy

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How to look at cells

• Light Microscopy
• Resolution of about 0.2 ?m
• Resolution - How close two objects can be
  together and still be seen as 2 objects

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Light Microscopy
Fixed and stained
Live cell
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01_04_Early microscopes.jpg
The History of Cell Visualization
Eduard Strasburger, 1880
Modern day light microscopy
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How to Look at Cells

• Electron Microscopes
• Two types
• Scanning
• 3-D image of cells surface
• Resolution of 3 nm
• Transmission
• Interior cell structure
• Resolution of 2 nm
• Higher resolution because of shorter wavelength

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SEM of a protozoan (single celled eukaryote)
Fig. 1-32
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TEM micrograph of a killer T cell preparing to
attack a large tumor cell
TEM Micrograph of Mammalian Cell
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Basic Cell Anatomy
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Basic Cell Anatomy
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm (cytosol soluble portion)
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Two major cell types
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
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A Basic Distinction Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Cells Pro before Eu
true Distinguishing features The world of
prokaryotes Eubacteria and Archaea The
diversity of prokaryotes
The common bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli)
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Cells range in sizes
Panel 1-2
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Plant vs animal vs bacterial cell size
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The Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus Mitochondria (c
hloroplasts) Internal Membranes generate
intracellular compartments ER Golgi Lysosome
s Peroxisomes Vesicles Cytosol Cytoskeleto
n
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Miniature Factory Engine
Fig.1-5
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Key concepts you need to know

• Unity within Diversity
• The role of microscopy in cell visualization
• Panel 1-1, Page 8 (basics)
• The fundamental basis of cell classification
• Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
• The subcellular components of the eukaryotic cell
• PANEL 1-2, Page 25