Chapter 5 Study Guide

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Chapter 5 Study Guide

• Integumentary System
• Body Membranes

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Chapter Objectives

1. Classify, compare the structure of and give
   examples of each type of body membrane
2. Describe the structure and function of the
   epidermis and dermis
3. List and briefly describe each accessory organ of
   the skin
4. List and discuss the three primary functions of
   the integumentary system
5. Classify burns and describe how to estimate the
   extent of a burn injury

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Classification of Body Membranes

• Epithelial Membranes
• Composed of epithelial tissue underlying
  specialized connective tissue
• 1.Cutaneous aka skin
• 2.Serous aka saliva
• 3.Mucous aka snot P
• Connective Tissue Membranes
• Contain no epithelial component
• 1.Synovial line joint spaces between bones
  bursae (sacs between moving body parts)
• ?smooth, thick
• ?secrete synovial fluid for lubrication
  reduce friction in joints

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Serous Membranes

• Composition
• 1. Thin layer of simple squamous epithelium
• 2. Thin layer of connective tissue -forms
  supportive basement membrane
• Function
• body cavity lining and organ surface covering
• (single membrane w/ its surfaces
  named separately)
• Parietal name for body cavity lining
• Visceral name for serous membrane covering
  organs
• 2. Produce watery fluid to reduce friction
  lubricate any organ contact
• Examples
• Thoracic cavity called Pleura
• -so..Visceral Pleuraserous membranes covering
  the organs in thoracic cavity
• -Pleurisy inflamed Pleura very painful friction
  of lungs rubbing chest wall
• Abdominal cavity called Peritoneum
• -Peritonitisinflamed serous membranes in
  abdominal cavity

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Mucous Membranes

• Location
• -line body surfaces opening directly to the
  exterior
• -respiratory, digestive, urinary reproductive
  tracts
• Composition
• epithelium varies with location function
• -Esophagus stratified squamous epithelium to
  protect from rough particles
• -Lower Digestive Tract simple columnar
  epithelium
• Function
• -produce thick, slimy material- aka mucus
  (provide moisture)
• Mucocutaneous Junction
• -skin and mucous membranes meet (eyelids, nasal
  opening)
• -lacks accessory glands, need mucous glands for
  moisture
• -common points of infection

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The Skin Primary organ of Integumentary System
largest body organ

• Structure
• ?Epidermis
• ? Dermis
• ? Subcutaneous
• Appendages
• ? Hair
• ? Receptors
• ? Nails
• ? Skin Glands
• -Sudoriferous gland (sweat)
• -Sebaceous gland (oil)
• Function
• ? Protection
• ? Temperature Regulation
• ? Sense organ activity
• Burns
• ?Surface area estimation
• ?Classification

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Structure Epidermis outtermost layer

• Stratified Squamous Epithelium
• Tightly Packed
• Arranged in layers strata
• Stratum Germinativum innermost
• ?reproduces itself self-repairing fxn!
• ?new cells move toward surface as they
  specialize with
• Keratin replaces cells cytoplasm tough,
  waterproof material for protection
• Stratum Corneum outer layer of epidermis
• ?keratin filled, dead cells flake off
• Melanocytes deep in epidermis- produce melanin
• ? absorb harmful UV give skin darker
  pigment
• ? with less melanin color can change w/ blood
  flow or oxygen level changes
• Cyanosis skin bluish gray with ?blood O2 or
  ?blood flow
• Specialized Junctions hold epidermis together
  and attach to dermis
• Dermal-epidermal Junction between thin
  epidermal layer and dermal layer below
• Blisters result of weakened or destroyed
  junctions

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Structure Dermis

• Thicker layer
• mostly connective tissue
• -cells scattered with fibers between
• Upper Region
• -Dermal Papillae -parallel rows of bumps
  (important in junction)
• -make finger/footprints unique
• Deeper Dermis
• -Dense network of interlacing fibers
• -Specialized nerve network for sensory info

Subcutaneous aka. Hypodermis
-Layer of fat ?insulation , provide stored
energy, gives protection shock absorption
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Appendages Hair

• Follicles
• required for growth
• Lanugo hair of newborn
• Hair Papilla
• where hair growth begins
• base of follicle
• Arrector Pili
• small smooth involuntary muscle
• contraction makes goose bumps (ex. in cold/ or
  fear )

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Appendages Receptors
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Appendages Nails
-produced by cells of epidermis -
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Appendages Skin Glands

• Sudoriferous gland (sweat)1. Eccrine
• Most numerous
• produce sweat
• 2. Apocrine
• Larger
• (growth starts at pupberty)
• Thicker secretions
• Sebaceous gland (oil)
• -Lubrication for hair and skin
• Secretions increase during adolescence w/
  hormone changes
• Secretions decrease late adulthood forming
  wrinkles and cracks in skin

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Function

• 1. Protection
• First line of defense
• Keratin
• prevents movement across skin barrier, keeps
  bacteria out and keeps fluid in
• Melanin
• protects from UV
• 2. Temperature Regulation
• Sweat
• Evaporation principle heat loss mechanism
• 3. Sense Organ Activity
• Touch, pressure, pain hot/cold

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Burns

• Rule of Nines
• Divides body into 11 areas-each 9
• Recovery depends on total area involved and
  severity
• Classification of Burns
• 1st Degree (sunburn)
• Minor discomfort, some reddening of skin, no
  blistering
• 2nd Degree
• Severe pain, deep epidermal layers upper
  dermis injured, blisters, swelling, fluid loss,
  scaring common
• 3rd degree (full thickness burn)
• Complete destruction of epidermis and dermis,
  tissue death into subcutaneous tissue (can go to
  muscle or even bone), pain insensitive-nerve
  endings injured, serious fluid loss risk of
  infection

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