?a?????a Sa???

1
????????? ?a? s?µßat??? t??f?µa
?a?????a Sa???
2

• ?a ß???????? p?????ta, e??a? t??f?µa ta ?p??a
  p??????a? µ?s? t?? ?????????? ? ???a?????
  Ge????a?
• S?st?µa d?a?e???s?? ?a? pa?a????? a???t????
  p?????t??, t? ?p??? st????eta? se f?s????
  d?e??as?e? , st? µ? ???s?µ?p???s? ??µ???? ??s???
  ?a? ?e?et??? t??p?p???µ???? ???a??sµ?? ?a? t?
  ???s? µ? ??µ???? µe??d?? ??a a?t?µet?p?s?
  as?e?e??? ?a? ???a????

• ? a?????? ???µas?a t?? ß????????? p?????t??
  e??a? organic products.
• ? ???? organic e?s?????e ap? t?? ß?eta?? Walter
  James (1940)

3

• St?? ?at?????a t?? ?????????? ??????t?? ??at??f??
  pe???aµß????ta?
• ?t???t??f??? ?a? ?e?????? p?????ta µetap???µ??a
  ? µ? (f???ta, ?a?a????, µ???, e?e??e?a?? f?t?
  p.?. ???a????, ???st??? f?t? p.?. ßaµß???, a???,
  ???a?, ???ta ??a ?.?.)
• ?etap???µ??a ?e?????? p?????ta ??a ???s? ??
  t??f?µa (p.?. ??µ?, µa?µe??da, µa??a????, t???,
  e?a???ad? ?.?.)
• ???t??f?? (sa???, ?a?p?? d?µ?t??a??? ?.?.)
• F?t??? p???ap?as?ast??? ????? (sp???? sp????,
  f?t???a ?.?.)
• ??????ta ??????a??????e?a?
• F???a

4

• ?? ????? ??t?µa t?? ?????????? ?a??????e?a?
• a?t??at?stas? s???et???? ??µ???? ??s???, ??????
  f?t?fa?µ????,
• µe ???e? p?? ß??s???ta? st? f?s?
• ??µ???? ??s?e?
• ?p?ß?aße?? st?? ?????p? ?a? t? pe??ß?????

5

• ??µ???? ??s?e? ?a? ?? ep?pt?se?? t??? st?
  pe??ß????? ?a? st?? ?????p?
• p?????????µ??a e?t?µ??t??a
• ???? ß??ap????d?µ?s? ?a? d?at???s? ep? µa????
  ??????? d??st?µa sta pe??ßa????t??? d?aµe??sµata
• s?ss??e?s? µe????? s???e?t??se?? st??? ??p?de??
  ?st??? ????
• s?µa?t???? ß??ße? st?? ??e?a (a?apa?a?????? ?a?
  a??s?p???t??? s?st?µa)
• F?t?f??µa?a p?? d???? ?? e?d?????????
  d?ata????te?
• ??p?? µe ??st?????? d??s? p?? ep??e????? t??
  a?apa?a?????? ?a?
• e?d???????? ?at?stas? t?? ???a??sµ??
• ?? µe?a??te?e? p?s?t?te? ?aµß????ta? ap? t??
  d?at??f?
• ? µ???? t??a de?aet?? ??e??a ??a e?d??????????
  d?ata????te? de? ??e? d?se? ?et??? s?s?et?sµ? µe
  d??f??e? as???e?e? ? e?d????????? d?ata?a??? st??
  a????p??? ??e?a

6

• ?µµ???a?? ??p?sµata
• ??3 te????? pa?a???? aµµ???a? ap? ?d?????? ?a?
  ???t? (Carl Bosch,1899)
• ?a? ? µe???? ß??µ??a???? t??
  pa?a????
• ?etat??p? aµµ???a??? ??pasµ?t?? se ??t????
  ?dat?d?a??t? ??ata st? ?daf??
• a???µ??? s?????t??s? ??t????? sta ?p??e?a ?e??
  ?a? st? p?s?µ? ?e??
• se p????? pe?????? t?? p?a??t?, µ?t?a
  pe?????sµ?? t?? ??t????pa?s??
• ta ??t???? st? st?µ??? µetat??p??ta? se ??t??d?
  (??2 -) p?? a?t?d????
• µe t?? de?te??ta?e?? aµ??e? (p?????ta d??spas??
  ???at?? ? p??te????)
• ?a? pa?????? ?-??t??d?aµ??e?, ???st??
  ?a????????e? ?a? µeta??a??????e?
• ??s?e?
• a???s? ???d???? ?a?????? st?µ????, pa????
  e?t???? ?a? ????d???? ??st??

7

• ??t??f?sµ??
• ?fe??eta? st?? ??pa?s? t?? ?e??? t?s? ap? ta
  ??t???? ?s? ?a? ap? ta
• f?sf????? ??p?sµata
• a???s? pa?a????? ???a????? ???? (f?t?p?a??t??,
  f???),
• µe ap?t??esµa t?? ?ata????s? t?? s?????? t??
  d?a??µ???? ????????
• f???a ?a? f?t?p?a??t?? ???s?µ?p????? ?? p???
  ???????? ta ??t???? ?a?
• ?e???? ??ata
• pa?a???? aµµ???a? (NH3) ?a? ?d???e??? (H2S) p??
  a??????? t??
• t?????t?ta t?? pe??ß?????t??

8

• Sta ß???????? p?????ta ???s?µ?p?????ta?
• ???a???e? ??s?e?
• ??p???
• ?????
• ??te????
• ???e?????
• ???f???? ???a??sµ??
• ??t?µa
• µ???te?
• ßa?t???a
• ????? µ???????a??sµ??
• St? ß???????? ?t???t??f?a ???s?µ?p?????ta?
• ???t??f?? p?? ????? pa?a??e? µe ß???????? t??p?

9

• ??te????

• ??sµ? ??µ??? ??s?a p?? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ?? e?????
  f?sµat??
• e?t?µ??t???, e?t?µ?ap???t??? ?a? f?t?f??µa??.
• ?µfa???eta? st?? ???e? ?a? st??? µ?s???? t??
  d?af???? f?t??, ?p?? t? f?t?
• t?? aµp???? jicama.
• ???d?asp?ta? ??????a ??t? ap? ?e?µ?? s?????e?,
  ?ste ?a ?p???e? e????st?
• ep?ß?aß?? ?at????p?
• ?e? e??a? ???st? ?t? e??a? ep?ß?aß?? ??a t??
  ?????p? ?ta? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? s?st?
• ???sfate? µe??te? ß??s???? stat?st??? s?µa?t????
  s?s?et?se?? µeta?? t??
• ???s?? t?? ??te????? µe t? ??s? t?? ??????s??.

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• ???e?????

• f?s??? e?t?µ??t??? p?? p?????eta? ap? t? f?t?
  p??e??? (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium)
• ?a?? µe t? p??e???e?d??, s???et??? ?p??at?stat?
  t??, e??a? ?d?a?te?a ap?te?esµat??? ??a?t? e???
  e????? f?sµat?? e?t?µ??
• ?d??????ta? e????a ?a? ß??d?asp??ta? ap? ta ???a
  t?? st?µ???? sta ???ast???, ?a? ?ts? ?
  t?????t?ta? t??? µet? ap? ?at?p?s? e??a? p???
  ?aµ???

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• ?t, Bacillus thuringiensis

• ßa?t???? p?? d?aß??e? st? ?daf??, ???s?µ?p??e?ta?
  s?????? ?? ß????????
• e?a??a?t??? ??s? a?t? ??a f?t?f??µa?a
• Sp???a ?a? ???sta?????? e?t?µ??t??e? p??te??e?
  p?? pa?????ta? ap? t?? Bt
• ????? ???s?µ?p????e? ??a t?? ??e??? t??
  ep?ß?aß?? e?t?µ?? ap? t? 1920
• ?e?????ta? ?? f????? p??? t? pe??ß?????, µe µ????
  ? µ?de???? ep?d?as? st???
• a????p???

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• ??at??f??? a??a

• ?ed?µ??a ap? ep?st?µ????? µe??t?
• t?? tµ?µat?? Nutrition and Public Health
  Intervention Research Unit t??
• London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine
  (2009)
• ?????????? ?a??????e?e?
• - ?????te?e? s???e?t??se?? f?sf????
• - ?????te?? p?s?st? ???t?ta?
• S?µßat???? ?a??????e?e?
• ?????te?e? s???e?t??se?? ??t?????

http//www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/organicrevi
ewappendices.pdf
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• St?? ???a????? ?a??????e?e? pa?at?????ta?
  ?????te?e? s???e?t??se??
• a?t???e?d?t???? fa??????
• µa???s???
• ?e?da??????
• f?aß???e?d??
• sa??????
• ????? ??s?a?

http//www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/organicrevi
ewappendices.pdf
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• ?? p?s?st? t?? s?????t??s?? t?? ??t??d?? sta
  s?µßat???? ?a??????e?e? e??a? ?????te?? ?a? st???
  d?? p??a?e?
• S??????? ?µ??, ap? t?? 23 s?µa?t???te?e?
  d?at??f???? ?at?????e?, µ???
• st?? 7 pa?at??????e µ?a µ???? d?af???p???s?
• St?? p???t???? µe??te? ?p???e d?af???p???s?
  µ??? se 3 d?at??f???? ?at?????e?
• S?µp??asµa
• S?µf??a µe t?? pa???sa a?as??p?s? ap?de????eta?
  ?t? ta p?????ta t?? ß????????? ?a? s?µßat????
  ?a???e??e??? e??a? ?e???? s?????s?µa ?s?? af???
  sta pe??e??µe?a ??ept??? s?stat??? t???

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• ?ata?a??t??? ?????

• ????s? t?? p???se?? ß????????? p?????t?? se ???
  t?? ??sµ?
• ????µ??e? t?µ??, ?? ?p??e? ?fe????ta?
• St? µe??µ??? pa?a???? s?????t??? µe ta s?µßat???
• St? a???µ??? ??st?? pa?a????? (µe?a??te??
  e??at??? ??st??)
• St? µe??µ??? p??sf???.
• ?s? pe??ss?te??? pa?a????? µpa????? st?
  ß???a??????e?a, t?s? ?a
• p?ft??? ?? t?µ??

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• ??µ??es?a ?a? p?st?p???s? ß????????? p??t?p??
• ?? ß???a???e???t??, ?? µetap???t?? ?a? ??
  e?sa???e?? p??pe? ?a p??????
• a?st????? ????? a? ?????? ?a
  ???s?µ?p???s??? t? ????t?p? ? t?
• s?µa?s? t?? ??
• ? p?st?p???s? ß????????? p?????t?? e??a?
  apa?a?t?t? ß?s? t??
• ?a????sµ?? t?? ?? µe a???. 834/2007 t?? 28??
  ??????? 2007
• ?p???e?t??? p?st?p???s? ap? ??a? e??e???µ???
  f???a p?st?p???s??
• St? ????da ?? ?????te??? e??a?
• ???a??sµ?? ??st?p???s?? ?a? ?p?ß?e??? Ge???????
  ??????t?? (?.?.?.G?.?.), AGROCERT
• ??O,
• ?? ??st?t??t? ??????? ?????????? ??????t?? ?.?.
  ???????S

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• S?µpe??sµata
• ?????? e?p???s?? pe?a?t??? ep?st?µ?????? µe?et??
  ??a t?? ??ept???
• a??te??t?ta t?? ß????????? t??f?µ?? se s??s? µe
  ta s?µßat???
• ?d?aµf?sß?t?t? p?e????t?µa t?? ß?????????
  p?????t?? s?et??? µe t?
• ?e??ß?????
• f?s??? ?s????p?a
• ????µ?t?ta ed?f? ?a? d?at???s? ????s?st?µat??
• µe??s? ??pa?s??
• ?sfa??ste?e? d?ad??as?e? pa?a????? ß?????????
  apa???e?s? ep?ß?aß??
• ??µ???? f?t?fa?µ???? ?a? ??pasµ?t??
• ??e??a t?? pa?ep?st?µ??? t?? Washington,2003
• Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure of Urban
  and Suburban Preschool
• Children with Organic and Conventional Diets
• a????s? ep?p?d?? µetaß???t?? ap? d??spas?
  ???a??f?sf??????
• f?t?fa?µ???? se ???a pa?d???

http//ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/fetchArticle.ac
tion?articleURIinfodoi/10.1289/ehp.5754Results
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Sa? e??a??st? ??a t?? p??s??? sa?